驅動(dong)器的(de)細分原理(li)介紹(shao)

在國內(nei)，寧夏(xia)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，廣大用戶對“細(xi)分(fen)”還不是(shi)特(te)別(bie)了解，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)只是(shi)認為(wei)，細(xi)分(fen)是(shi)為(wei)了提高精(jing)度，其(qi)實不然(ran)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)價(jia)(jia)格，細(xi)分(fen)主要(yao)是(shi)改善電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運(yun)行(xing)性能(neng)，現說明如(ru)下(xia)：步進(jin)伺(si)服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)細(xi)分(fen)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)是(shi)由驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)準確(que)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)步進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)來實現的(de)(de)(de)，直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)價(jia)(jia)格，以二相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)為(wei)例(li)，假(jia)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)額(e)定相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為(wei)3A，如(ru)果使用常(chang)規驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)（如(ru)常(chang)用的(de)(de)(de)恒流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)斬(zhan)波方式(shi)）驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)每運(yun)行(xing)一步，其(qi)繞(rao)(rao)組內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)將從(cong)0突(tu)變(bian)為(wei)3A或從(cong)3A突(tu)變(bian)到0，相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)巨大變(bian)化，必然(ran)會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和噪音(yin)。如(ru)果使用細(xi)分(fen)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，在10細(xi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)狀態下(xia)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)每運(yun)行(xing)一微步，其(qi)繞(rao)(rao)組內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)變(bian)化只有(you)0.3A而不是(shi)3A，且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)以正(zheng)弦曲線規律變(bian)化，這樣就大大的(de)(de)(de)改善了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和噪音(yin)，因此，在性能(neng)上的(de)(de)(de)優(you)點(dian)才是(shi)細(xi)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)真正(zheng)優(you)點(dian)。由于細(xi)分(fen)驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)要(yao)準確(que)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，所(suo)以對驅(qu)(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)要(yao)有(you)相當高的(de)(de)(de)技術要(yao)求和工藝要(yao)求，成本亦會較高。

為什么電機需要用驅動器(qi)

無論(lun)是直流無刷電機(ji)(ji)、步進電機(ji)(ji)，還是伺(si)服電機(ji)(ji)，都會配(pei)對相應的驅動器。

1、直流無刷電機(ji)(ji)以電子(zi)換(huan)向器(qi)取代了機(ji)(ji)械換(huan)向器(qi)，直流無刷電機(ji)(ji)正因為電子(zi)換(huan)相(xiang)，所以需要用(yong)到(dao)驅動(dong)器(qi)驅動(dong)電路。

2、步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)要運(yun)轉(zhuan)那么必須要輸入脈沖，如果沒有脈沖，直(zhi)流驅動(dong)器公司，步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是不動(dong)的(de)(de)，所以(yi)我們需要一個驅動(dong)器來(lai)給(gei)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)各項繞(rao)組依(yi)次通電(dian)(dian)。

3、伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)是沒有電(dian)刷(shua)和換向器(qi)的(de)(de)，所以要保(bao)持旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方向的(de)(de)話，就要有電(dian)子換向器(qi)。電(dian)子換向器(qi)由驅(qu)動器(qi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)，同(tong)時伺(si)服(fu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)還可(ke)以控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)啟動與停(ting)止(zhi)，正反轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速的(de)(de)調(diao)節，過壓過流欠壓等保(bao)護。所以必須要有伺(si)服(fu)驅(qu)動器(qi)，即使(shi)把伺(si)服(fu)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)直接通電(dian)也(ye)是不會工作(zuo)的(de)(de)。

驅動器所(suo)要求的要點(dian)介紹

靜音、低振動

對于電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)工作時的(de)(de)噪聲和振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)而言(yan)，驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)波(bo)形的(de)(de)優化非(fei)常重(zhong)要。這就需要根據(ju)各(ge)領域的(de)(de)用途，選擇適(shi)合(he)各(ge)種電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)磁路的(de)(de)激(ji)勵驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術。比如無刷直流電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)合(he)適(shi)激(ji)勵模(mo)式(shi)（120度(du)、150度(du)、正弦波(bo)）、風扇電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)軟(ruan)啟動(dong)(dong)技(ji)術、步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)的(de)(de)電(dian)流衰減方式(shi)（Decay技(ji)術）等。

控制、便利性

通(tong)過FLL（速度控(kong)制(zhi)）和PLL（相位(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)）實(shi)現的電(dian)(dian)機(ji)數字旋(xuan)轉控(kong)制(zhi)技術，以(yi)及執行器要(yao)求的高精度定位(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)技術等驅(qu)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)算法，對于高的性(xing)(xing)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)應用系統的開(kai)發而言是不(bu)可(ke)或(huo)缺的。要(yao)求實(shi)現設計人(ren)員可(ke)輕松(song)利用的驅(qu)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)算法，比如通(tong)過將已(yi)進行硬邏輯處理的控(kong)制(zhi)算法應用在驅(qu)動(dong)器IC上。另外，驅(qu)動(dong)器IC間的兼容性(xing)(xing)可(ke)提高便利性(xing)(xing)。當在開(kai)發過程(cheng)中規格發生變化(hua)時，可(ke)在不(bu)更改電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)動(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)路板模式(shi)的情況(kuang)下(xia)進行替換(huan)，這(zhe)對于提高便利性(xing)(xing)而言也(ye)非常重要(yao)。