精(jing)密零件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)其實是(shi)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)一種，但是(shi)因為(wei)對零件(jian)的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)密度較(jiao)高，對生產機(ji)(ji)械(xie)及流程要求也(ye)比較(jiao)高。隨著工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業化(hua)發展，精(jing)密機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)分類越(yue)來越(yue)多，方(fang)向越(yue)來越(yue)細，越(yue)來越(yue)化(hua)。機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)能不僅和企業的(de)(de)利(li)益相關(guan)，還(huan)和安(an)全(quan)性(xing)相關(guan)，機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)公司，在(zai)給(gei)企業帶來經濟效益的(de)(de)同時，還(huan)可以有(you)效降低安(an)全(quan)事(shi)故發生的(de)(de)概率。零件(jian)在(zai)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和裝配過程中所使用(yong)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)，稱為(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)按用(yong)途不同，又分為(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)、測量基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)和裝配基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)：天津機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時使工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)在(zai)機(ji)(ji)床或夾具中占據正確(que)位置(zhi)所用(yong)的(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)，稱為(wei)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)準(zhun)。

機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的優勢：機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)不需要(yao)開模，且自由度高；機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的精度非常高，有(you)利于(yu)提(ti)(ti)高工(gong)(gong)件(jian)質量；機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的，有(you)利于(yu)提(ti)(ti)高產量。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表面上(shang)，不應有(you)劃(hua)痕(hen)、擦傷等(deng)損傷零(ling)(ling)件(jian)表面的缺(que)陷，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的螺紋表面不允(yun)許有(you)黑皮、磕碰、亂(luan)扣和毛(mao)刺等(deng)缺(que)陷。所有(you)需要(yao)進(jin)行涂裝(zhuang)的鋼鐵(tie)制(zhi)件(jian)表面在(zai)涂漆前，必須(xu)將鐵(tie)銹、氧化(hua)皮、油(you)脂、灰塵、泥土、鹽(yan)和污物等(deng)除去。零(ling)(ling)部件(jian)上(shang)面有(you)多個型(xing)腔，加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的時(shi)候，不宜采(cai)用(yong)一個型(xing)腔一個型(xing)腔的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方式進(jin)行加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)排列，這(zhe)樣很容易(yi)造成零(ling)(ling)部件(jian)受力不均勻而產生變形，精密機(ji)械(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，采(cai)用(yong)分層多次(ci)(ci)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，每一層盡(jin)量同時(shi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)到(dao)所有(you)的型(xing)腔，然(ran)后在(zai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)上(shang)下(xia)一個層次(ci)(ci)，讓零(ling)(ling)件(jian)均勻受力減小發生形變的概率。

零(ling)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工的(de)幾(ji)何形狀(zhuang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)主要(yao)是指(zhi)軸頸、外(wai)錐(zhui)(zhui)面、莫氏錐(zhui)(zhui)孔等的(de)圓度(du)(du)(du)、圓柱(zhu)度(du)(du)(du)等，一般(ban)應(ying)將其公差(cha)限(xian)制在尺寸公差(cha)范圍內(nei)。對(dui)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求(qiu)較高的(de)內(nei)外(wai)圓表(biao)面，應(ying)在圖紙上標(biao)注(zhu)其允許偏(pian)差(cha)。產(chan)品(pin)在加(jia)(jia)工的(de)時候，根(gen)據不(bu)同的(de)產(chan)品(pin)要(yao)求(qiu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)不(bu)同程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工，加(jia)(jia)工程(cheng)度(du)(du)(du)需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)劃分，如果對(dui)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高，合肥機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工，那么進(jin)(jin)行(xing)一個簡單(dan)的(de)粗加(jia)(jia)工階(jie)段就(jiu)行(xing)了。產(chan)品(pin)的(de)進(jin)(jin)度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求(qiu)越來越嚴格，后續(xu)就(jiu)要(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)工和精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)工階(jie)段。機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工以后的(de)零(ling)部件(jian)放在含有磨塊或者是磨劑的(de)滾(gun)筒當(dang)中(zhong)，在里面會(hui)(hui)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)復(fu)雜的(de)運動(dong)，而運動(dong)的(de)過程(cheng)當(dang)中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生壓(ya)力，產(chan)生壓(ya)力會(hui)(hui)出現碰撞和滾(gun)壓(ya)，這(zhe)樣就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)讓零(ling)部件(jian)的(de)表(biao)面起(qi)到輕微磨削的(de)效(xiao)果，自然也就(jiu)能夠實現讓它的(de)表(biao)面慢慢被細(xi)化，表(biao)面也會(hui)(hui)因此變得(de)光(guang)整很多。