驅動器的原理

步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理，采用(yong)單(dan)極(ji)性直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。只要對步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)各相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)按(an)(an)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，就能使(shi)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)步(bu)進(jin)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。圖2是該(gai)四(si)(si)(si)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反應式步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理示(shi)意圖。圖2四(si)(si)(si)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)步(bu)進(jin)示(shi)意圖 開(kai)始時(shi)，開(kai)關SB接(jie)(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，SA、SC、SD斷開(kai)，步(bu)進(jin)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)公(gong)司，B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)磁(ci)極(ji)和(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)0、3號(hao)齒對齊，同(tong)時(shi)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)1、4號(hao)齒就和(he)C、D相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)磁(ci)極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)錯齒，步(bu)進(jin)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)公(gong)司，2、5號(hao)齒就和(he)D、A相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)磁(ci)極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)錯齒。 當開(kai)關SC接(jie)(jie)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，SB、SA、SD斷開(kai)時(shi)，由于(yu)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)力(li)線和(he)1、4號(hao)齒之間(jian)磁(ci)力(li)線的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，使(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)，1、4號(hao)齒和(he)C相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)極(ji)對齊。而0、3號(hao)齒和(he)A、B相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)產(chan)生(sheng)錯齒，2、5號(hao)齒就和(he)A、D相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)磁(ci)極(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)錯齒。依次(ci)類推，A、B、C、D四(si)(si)(si)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)輪流供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)會(hui)沿(yan)著(zhu)A、B、C、D方(fang)(fang)向轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。四(si)(si)(si)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)按(an)(an)照(zhao)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)不同(tong)，可(ke)分為(wei)單(dan)四(si)(si)(si)拍、雙(shuang)四(si)(si)(si)拍、八拍三種(zhong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式。單(dan)四(si)(si)(si)拍與雙(shuang)四(si)(si)(si)拍的(de)(de)(de)步(bu)距角(jiao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)等，但單(dan)四(si)(si)(si)拍的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)力(li)矩小(xiao)。八拍工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)步(bu)距角(jiao)是單(dan)四(si)(si)(si)拍與雙(shuang)四(si)(si)(si)拍的(de)(de)(de)一半，因此(ci)，八拍工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式既可(ke)以(yi)(yi)保持較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)力(li)矩又可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)控制精度(du)。圖3單(dan)四(si)(si)(si)拍、雙(shuang)四(si)(si)(si)拍與八拍工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)方(fang)(fang)式的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)序(xu)(xu)(xu)與波形(xing)分別如圖3.a、b、c所示(shi)。驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)器(qi)(qi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)開(kai)關的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)單(dan)元。通過上位(wei)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)脈(mo)沖信(xin)號(hao)有順(shun)(shun)序(xu)(xu)(xu)給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)序(xu)(xu)(xu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。

驅動器所要求的要點

①高可靠性為(wei)了(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)器(qi)IC不受(shou)異常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的影響，河南步進驅動(dong)器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)器(qi)需要具備充分(fen)的保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)功能(neng)，如防止(zhi)因電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低而引起誤動(dong)作的功能(neng)等(deng)。另外還(huan)要求(qiu)搭載在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)啟動(dong)時(shi)或(huo)強(qiang)制停止(zhi)和堵轉時(shi)控(kong)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流限制功能(neng)，以(yi)及將故障(zhang)狀態輸出到外部主機(ji)處理器(qi)的功能(neng)，以(yi)確保(bao)(bao)安全性。

②低功(gong)耗(hao)(hao)、高(gao)的(de)效率(lv)(lv)為了(le)降低電機的(de)功(gong)耗(hao)(hao)，需要低功(gong)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)元(yuan)器件和驅動技術。例如通過使用自動超前角(jiao)調整功(gong)能等，可在從低速(su)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)到高(gao)速(su)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)大范圍轉(zhuan)速(su)區間內(nei)獲得非常高(gao)的(de)效率(lv)(lv)。

驅動(dong)器(qi)常見故(gu)障及解(jie)決辦法

步(bu)進電機(ji)一直震動是什(shen)么原因，可能是信號電壓低所導致的，步(bu)進驅(qu)動器公(gong)司，需(xu)要去利(li)用(yong)電機(ji)的的震點(dian)去錯開這個震動頻率然后去容易(yi)交換(huan)同一相。

步進電機(ji)堵(du)住(zhu)轉，可能是(shi)因為電機(ji)的(de)扭(niu)矩力太(tai)小了，需要(yao)去(qu)選擇(ze)大(da)扭(niu)矩的(de)電機(ji)。如果排除(chu)了這個問題，那么(me)就是(shi)加(jia)速的(de)時間過于(yu)太(tai)短了，只需要(yao)加(jia)大(da)加(jia)速的(de)時間；如果是(shi)電壓過低了就是(shi)電流需要(yao)去(qu)加(jia)高一(yi)點，提高電流與電壓，在一(yi)個合適的(de)范圍之內。

這(zhe)些(xie)大概就是(shi)步(bu)進(jin)電機驅動(dong)的(de)的(de)一些(xie)常見問(wen)(wen)(wen)題和(he)解決方法，根(gen)據具(ju)體(ti)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題具(ju)體(ti)分(fen)析，只要根(gen)據上面的(de)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題去一步(bu)步(bu)進(jin)行排除，那么這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)(wen)(wen)題一定能夠迎刃而解。