###威海化工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)墻(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)注意事項####一、材(cai)料(liao)選擇與(yu)(yu)驗(yan)(yan)收1.**合(he)(he)(he)規(gui)(gui)性要(yao)求(qiu)**泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)墻(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)需(xu)(xu)符合(he)(he)(he)《石油化工(gong)(gong)建筑物(wu)抗(kang)爆(bao)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)標(biao)準》（GB/T50779-2022）等(deng)規(gui)(gui)范，優先(xian)選用輕質(zhi)(zhi)、抗(kang)沖(chong)擊、耐腐(fu)蝕的泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)板(ban)材(cai)（如(ru)(ru)巖棉夾芯(xin)板(ban)、纖維(wei)(wei)水泥板(ban)等(deng)），抗(kang)爆(bao)壓力值(zhi)應≥100kPa，耐火極限不低(di)于2小時(shi)。2.**質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)驗(yan)(yan)**材(cai)料(liao)進場(chang)前需(xu)(xu)核驗(yan)(yan)產品合(he)(he)(he)格證(zheng)、檢(jian)測(ce)報(bao)告(gao)，重點(dian)檢(jian)查板(ban)材(cai)厚度、涂(tu)層完整性及骨(gu)(gu)架鋼材(cai)的防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)處理(li)，避免使用變形、銹蝕或破損材(cai)料(liao)。####二、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)點(dian)1.**結構設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)**泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)墻(qiang)與(yu)(yu)主體結構間須采用柔(rou)性連接(jie)(jie)（如(ru)(ru)彈簧螺栓），確保(bao)(bao)時(shi)快(kuai)速(su)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)壓；骨(gu)(gu)架支撐體系(xi)需(xu)(xu)獨立設(she)(she)(she)置，避免沖(chong)擊傳導(dao)至(zhi)主廠(chang)房。墻(qiang)體面(mian)積與(yu)(yu)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)壓面(mian)積比應≤1:3，以降低(di)超壓風險。2.**布局優化**泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)墻(qiang)應遠離(li)(li)(li)控制(zhi)室、配電間等(deng)關鍵設(she)(she)(she)施，并(bing)預(yu)留≥3m安(an)(an)(an)全距離(li)(li)(li)；周邊禁(jin)止堆放物(wu)或安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)重要(yao)管道，防(fang)(fang)(fang)止二次事故。####三、施工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控制(zhi)1.**基(ji)礎(chu)處理(li)**地基(ji)需(xu)(xu)夯實(shi)并(bing)澆筑混凝土基(ji)礎(chu)，預(yu)埋件(jian)定位(wei)偏差≤5mm，確保(bao)(bao)骨(gu)(gu)架垂直(zhi)度誤差＜3‰。焊接(jie)(jie)部(bu)位(wei)需(xu)(xu)滿焊并(bing)做防(fang)(fang)(fang)銹處理(li)。2.**安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)藝**板(ban)材(cai)拼接(jie)(jie)縫隙(xi)須用防(fang)(fang)(fang)火密封(feng)膠(jiao)填充，接(jie)(jie)縫錯位(wei)≤2mm；泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)螺栓安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)扭(niu)矩需(xu)(xu)按設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)（通常為30-50N·m），過(guo)緊(jin)或過(guo)松均可(ke)能影(ying)響泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)壓效率。####四、驗(yan)(yan)收與(yu)(yu)測(ce)試1.**分階段(duan)驗(yan)(yan)收**隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程（如(ru)(ru)骨(gu)(gu)架焊接(jie)(jie)、預(yu)埋件(jian)）需(xu)(xu)留存(cun)影(ying)像記錄；竣工(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)需(xu)(xu)進密性檢(jian)測(ce)和模擬(ni)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)壓試驗(yan)(yan)，驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)板(ban)脫落時(shi)間≤0.1秒。2.**文件(jian)歸檔**保(bao)(bao)存(cun)材(cai)料(liao)檢(jian)測(ce)報(bao)告(gao)、施工(gong)(gong)日志(zhi)及第三方檢(jian)測(ce)機(ji)構出具的防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)性能認證(zheng)文件(jian)，納入工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)安(an)(an)(an)全管理(li)檔案。####五、運維(wei)(wei)管理(li)1.**定期檢(jian)查**每季度檢(jian)查墻(qiang)體完整性、連接(jie)(jie)件(jian)松動及涂(tu)層脫落情況，沿海地區需(xu)(xu)加強(qiang)防(fang)(fang)(fang)腐(fu)層維(wei)(wei)護。2.**應急培訓**操作(zuo)人員需(xu)(xu)掌握泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)后(hou)(hou)緊(jin)急隔離(li)(li)(li)、疏散流程，每年(nian)至(zhi)少組織1次防(fang)(fang)(fang)爆(bao)應急預(yu)案演(yan)練(lian)。####總結泄(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)爆(bao)墻(qiang)安(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)需(xu)(xu)貫穿“設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)-施工(gong)(gong)-運維(wei)(wei)”全周期管控，結合(he)(he)(he)威海地區高濕度、高鹽(yan)霧環境特點(dian)，重點(dian)強(qiang)化材(cai)料(liao)耐候(hou)性與(yu)(yu)連接(jie)(jie)節點(dian)可(ke)靠性，確保(bao)(bao)化工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全生(sheng)產體系(xi)有效運行。

日照輕型(xing)泄(xie)爆(bao)(bao)墻安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)注意(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)項(xiang)輕型(xing)泄(xie)爆(bao)(bao)墻作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)建筑防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全的重(zhong)要設施(shi)，安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴格遵(zun)循技術規范(fan)，并(bing)結(jie)合(he)(he)日照地(di)(di)(di)區氣候特點（如沿海濕度(du)(du)(du)、風(feng)壓(ya)(ya)等）進(jin)行優(you)(you)化(hua)。以下(xia)(xia)是關鍵注意(yi)(yi)事(shi)(shi)項(xiang)：1.**材(cai)料(liao)驗(yan)收與(yu)(yu)環境適配**選用符(fu)合(he)(he)GB50779《石油化(hua)工控制室抗爆(bao)(bao)設計規范(fan)》的輕質泄(xie)爆(bao)(bao)板(ban)(ban)材(cai)（如金屬復合(he)(he)板(ban)(ban)、纖維(wei)增(zeng)強水泥板(ban)(ban)等），檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)材(cai)料(liao)合(he)(he)格證及防(fang)(fang)火防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測報告。日照地(di)(di)(di)區需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)優(you)(you)先選用耐腐蝕材(cai)料(liao)，避(bi)(bi)免(mian)海風(feng)鹽(yan)霧侵(qin)蝕導(dao)致結(jie)構劣化(hua)。2.**基層(ceng)處(chu)(chu)理與(yu)(yu)預(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)**基層(ceng)墻體需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)平整、無(wu)裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)，混凝土強度(du)(du)(du)≥C20。采用化(hua)學(xue)錨(mao)栓(shuan)固定(ding)預(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)時(shi)，錨(mao)固深度(du)(du)(du)≥100mm，間距(ju)(ju)≤600mm，沿海區域(yu)建議做鍍鋅(xin)防(fang)(fang)銹處(chu)(chu)理。膨脹(zhang)螺(luo)栓(shuan)禁止安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)在空心磚(zhuan)或加(jia)氣砌塊上。3.**龍(long)骨(gu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)精度(du)(du)(du)控制**豎向龍(long)骨(gu)間距(ju)(ju)≤1.2m，橫(heng)向龍(long)骨(gu)間距(ju)(ju)≤0.6m，垂直(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)偏差≤3mm/m。龍(long)骨(gu)與(yu)(yu)預(yu)埋(mai)件(jian)焊接(jie)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)滿(man)焊并(bing)涂刷防(fang)(fang)銹漆，焊縫(feng)(feng)(feng)高度(du)(du)(du)≥4mm。日照多風(feng)區需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)增(zeng)加(jia)斜撐加(jia)固。4.**板(ban)(ban)材(cai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)節點處(chu)(chu)理**板(ban)(ban)材(cai)拼接(jie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)應錯縫(feng)(feng)(feng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)，縫(feng)(feng)(feng)隙寬度(du)(du)(du)≤5mm，采用彈性(xing)密封膠填充。泄(xie)爆(bao)(bao)螺(luo)栓(shuan)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)確(que)保扭(niu)矩值符(fu)合(he)(he)設計要求（通常8-12N·m），避(bi)(bi)免(mian)過緊影(ying)響泄(xie)壓(ya)(ya)功能(neng)。門窗洞(dong)口周邊(bian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)增(zeng)設加(jia)強龍(long)骨(gu)。5.**防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)與(yu)(yu)接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)系統(tong)**金屬材(cai)質泄(xie)爆(bao)(bao)墻應與(yu)(yu)建筑防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)(lei)引下(xia)(xia)線可靠(kao)連接(jie)，接(jie)地(di)(di)(di)電阻≤4Ω。非金屬板(ban)(ban)材(cai)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)在頂部安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)避(bi)(bi)雷(lei)(lei)帶，引下(xia)(xia)線間距(ju)(ju)≤18m。6.**施(shi)工安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全與(yu)(yu)驗(yan)收**高空作(zuo)(zuo)業需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)搭設雙排(pai)腳手(shou)架(jia)，臨邊(bian)設置1.2m護欄(lan)。安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)后(hou)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)密性(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測（壓(ya)(ya)差50Pa時(shi)漏風(feng)量≤1.5m3/(m2·h)）和外觀(guan)驗(yan)收，確(que)保無(wu)翹曲、裂(lie)縫(feng)(feng)(feng)。定(ding)期維(wei)護檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)防(fang)(fang)腐涂層(ceng)，沿海區域(yu)建議每年維(wei)護1次。注：施(shi)工前應取得日照市住建部門審批，涉(she)及化(hua)工項(xiang)目(mu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)符(fu)合(he)(he)《危險(xian)化(hua)學(xue)品安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全管理條例》要求。建議委托具備防(fang)(fang)爆(bao)(bao)的單位實施(shi)。

濱州防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)泄爆(bao)(bao)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術要點(dian)與應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)解析(xi)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)泄爆(bao)(bao)墻作(zuo)為現代工(gong)業建(jian)筑中的重要防(fang)(fang)護設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，在(zai)濱州化(hua)工(gong)園區、能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)站等(deng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)危(wei)場(chang)所(suo)建(jian)設(she)(she)中具(ju)有的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。其施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)需(xu)嚴格遵循《建(jian)筑設(she)(she)計防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)規(gui)范》及(ji)(ji)《抗爆(bao)(bao)間(jian)室結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)設(she)(she)計規(gui)范》要求，通過工(gong)藝實(shi)現防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)、抗爆(bao)(bao)、隔熱多重功能(neng)(neng)。一、材(cai)料選(xuan)(xuan)擇與性能(neng)(neng)要求施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雙層(ceng)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)石膏(gao)板(ban)（耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)極(ji)限≥3小時(shi)(shi)）與巖(yan)棉(mian)芯材(cai)（密度(du)(du)(du)≥120kg/m3）復合結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)，龍(long)骨選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鍍(du)(du)鋅鋼（厚度(du)(du)(du)≥1.2mm），泄爆(bao)(bao)墻施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)，配(pei)套泄爆(bao)(bao)螺栓及(ji)(ji)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)候密封膠。材(cai)料需(xu)提供GB/T9978耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)檢(jian)(jian)測報告(gao)及(ji)(ji)CMA認證，威(wei)海泄爆(bao)(bao)墻，泄爆(bao)(bao)壓力值設(she)(she)計應(ying)滿足場(chang)所(suo)風險等(deng)級（通常≤30kPa）。二、標準化(hua)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)流程1.基層(ceng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理：混(hun)凝土(tu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)需(xu)打磨至平整度(du)(du)(du)≤3mm/m2，鋼結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)進行(xing)防(fang)(fang)銹處(chu)(chu)(chu)理2.龍(long)骨安裝(zhuang)：豎(shu)向龍(long)骨間(jian)距(ju)(ju)≤610mm，泄爆(bao)(bao)墻廠家(jia)，橫(heng)向加(jia)固(gu)件間(jian)距(ju)(ju)≤1200mm3.板(ban)材(cai)安裝(zhuang)：錯縫(feng)鋪設(she)(she)12mm防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)石膏(gao)板(ban)，自攻螺釘間(jian)距(ju)(ju)≤200mm4.填充(chong)密封：巖(yan)棉(mian)填充(chong)密實(shi)度(du)(du)(du)≥95%，接(jie)縫(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)(fang)火(huo)(huo)(huo)膠泥+玻纖帶(dai)雙重密封5.泄爆(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)：按3m間(jian)距(ju)(ju)設(she)(she)置(zhi)泄爆(bao)(bao)螺栓，壓力釋放方向避開人員通道三、質量控(kong)制(zhi)要點(dian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間(jian)需(xu)進行(xing)階(jie)段性檢(jian)(jian)測：龍(long)骨垂直度(du)(du)(du)偏差≤2‰，板(ban)材(cai)接(jie)縫(feng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)差≤1mm，整體氣密性達到EN12101-3標準。竣(jun)工(gong)驗收時(shi)(shi)需(xu)通過第三方耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)火(huo)(huo)(huo)試(shi)(shi)驗（持(chi)(chi)(chi)續3小時(shi)(shi)，背火(huo)(huo)(huo)面溫升(sheng)≤140℃）。四、特殊環境應(ying)對針對濱州沿海氣候，應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)鹽(yan)霧鍍(du)(du)鋅層(ceng)（≥275g/㎡），接(jie)縫(feng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)增加(jia)聚(ju)氨酯防(fang)(fang)水層(ceng)。冬季施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)時(shi)(shi)環境溫度(du)(du)(du)需(xu)≥5℃，巖(yan)棉(mian)需(xu)在(zai)干燥環境靜置(zhi)24小時(shi)(shi)后再安裝(zhuang)。該(gai)技術已成功應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于濱州某石化(hua)基地(di)控(kong)制(zhi)室項目，泄爆(bao)(bao)墻安裝(zhuang)，經測試(shi)(shi)在(zai)800℃高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫及(ji)(ji)25kPa沖擊波下保(bao)持(chi)(chi)(chi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)完整，有效保(bao)障了高(gao)(gao)(gao)危(wei)場(chang)所(suo)的本質安全。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)單位需(xu)持(chi)(chi)(chi)有消防(fang)(fang)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)程承包(bao)資(zi)質，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)方案應(ying)通過應(ying)急管理部門專項評審。