石(shi)英撓性(xing)(xing)加速度(du)(du)計(ji)是一(yi)種(zhong)基于(yu)石(shi)英材(cai)料撓性(xing)(xing)支撐結構的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)精度(du)(du)慣性(xing)(xing)傳(chuan)感器，具有穩定性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)、抗(kang)(kang)沖(chong)擊性(xing)(xing)好(hao)、分辨率高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)特點(dian)，廣泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)航(hang)空航(hang)天、船舶(bo)導航(hang)、石(shi)油勘(kan)探、監(jian)測等(deng)領域。以下(xia)是國(guo)內外常見的(de)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)及其(qi)特點(dian)：###**一(yi)、國(guo)外主流型(xing)(xing)號(hao)**1.**Honeywell（霍尼韋爾）系(xi)(xi)列(lie)**-**QA750**：經(jing)典工業級(ji)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)，三軸(zhou)加速度(du)(du)計(ji)廠家，量(liang)程(cheng)±50g，石(shi)英加速度(du)(du)計(ji)，精度(du)(du)優(you)于(yu)1mg，適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)飛行控(kong)制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和(he)穩定平臺。-**QA2000/QA3000**：型(xing)(xing)號(hao)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)閉(bi)環力反饋技(ji)術，零(ling)偏(pian)穩定性(xing)(xing)達10??g量(liang)級(ji)，多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)姿(zi)態控(kong)制(zhi)和(he)精密(mi)制(zhi)導系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)。-**RBA500**：抗(kang)(kang)輻射加固設(she)計(ji)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)應太空環境(jing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)深空探測器和(he)載(zai)(zai)荷。2.**NorthropGrumman（諾斯羅普·格魯曼）**-**A4/A6系(xi)(xi)列(lie)**：微型(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)設(she)計(ji)，麗水加速度(du)(du)計(ji)，A4量(liang)程(cheng)±10g，A6擴展至±50g，適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)和(he)戰(zhan)術的(de)慣性(xing)(xing)導航(hang)模塊。3.**KVH1750IMU**集成(cheng)(cheng)三軸(zhou)石(shi)英加速度(du)(du)計(ji)與光纖(xian)陀螺(luo)，動(dong)態范圍寬（±20g），適(shi)(shi)(shi)合高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)機動(dong)性(xing)(xing)載(zai)(zai)具的(de)導航(hang)與姿(zi)態控(kong)制(zhi)。###**二、國(guo)內典型(xing)(xing)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)**1.**航(hang)天科技(ji)集團系(xi)(xi)列(lie)**-**JN-06/JN-10**：JN-06量(liang)程(cheng)±20g，零(ling)偏(pian)重復性(xing)(xing)0.1mg；JN-10精度(du)(du)更(geng)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)長征系(xi)(xi)列(lie)運(yun)載(zai)(zai)火(huo)箭的(de)姿(zi)態調控(kong)。-**HT-250/HT-500**：耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫型(xing)(xing)號(hao)（-55℃至+125℃），適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)火(huo)箭發(fa)動(dong)機振動(dong)監(jian)測和(he)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫環境(jing)測試。2.**中電科CQG系(xi)(xi)列(lie)**-**CQG-10/CQG-20**：民(min)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)型(xing)(xing)號(hao)，CQG-10量(liang)程(cheng)±10g，適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)監(jian)測和(he)橋梁健康檢測；CQG-20精度(du)(du)提升，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)地質勘(kan)探設(she)備。3.**高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)校及研究所型(xing)(xing)號(hao)**如哈工大研制(zhi)的(de)**HQF-1**型(xing)(xing)，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)數字(zi)化(hua)(hua)補(bu)償技(ji)術，溫漂誤(wu)差降低至0.5mg/℃，石(shi)英光學加速度(du)(du)計(ji)，適(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)精度(du)(du)慣性(xing)(xing)測量(liang)單元（IMU）。###**三、選型(xing)(xing)要點(dian)**-**量(liang)程(cheng)與精度(du)(du)**：工業級(ji)（±50g，1mg）vs.戰(zhan)略級(ji)（±10g，0.01mg）。-**環境(jing)適(shi)(shi)(shi)應性(xing)(xing)**：型(xing)(xing)號(hao)需滿(man)足(zu)寬溫、抗(kang)(kang)沖(chong)擊（≥1000g）、抗(kang)(kang)輻射等(deng)要求。-**接口與功耗**：部(bu)(bu)分型(xing)(xing)號(hao)支持RS422、CAN總(zong)線，功耗從1W到5W不等(deng)。部(bu)(bu)分型(xing)(xing)號(hao)因(yin)涉及用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途未公開詳細參數。隨著MEMS技(ji)術的(de)發(fa)展，石(shi)英撓性(xing)(xing)加速度(du)(du)計(ji)正向(xiang)微型(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能化(hua)(hua)方向(xiang)演(yan)進，與光纖(xian)陀螺(luo)的(de)組合導航(hang)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)為主流解決方案。

石英撓(nao)性(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)計的(de)測量(liang)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)通(tong)常以加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)（如(ru)(ru)**g**，重力(li)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)）表示，而(er)您(nin)提到的(de)**250到500個(ge)(ge)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)**可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是其(qi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)信號(hao)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)（例(li)如(ru)(ru)模數(shu)轉換(huan)后的(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)代碼）。以下是關鍵分(fen)(fen)析：---###1.**“字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”的(de)含(han)義**-**數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)**：在傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，“字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”（LSB，LeastSignificantBit）通(tong)常數(shu)轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)（ADC）輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)值(zhi)(zhi)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)：-一個(ge)(ge)12位(wei)ADC的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)**0~4095字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)**（2^12=4096）。-若(ruo)您(nin)的(de)系(xi)統(tong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)在250~500字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)之間，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)是ADC的(de)部分(fen)(fen)量(liang)程或經過(guo)特定校(xiao)(xiao)準后的(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。-**工程單(dan)(dan)位(wei)轉換(huan)**：需結合(he)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)（**靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)=加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)/字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)**）將(jiang)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)。例(li)如(ru)(ru)：-若(ruo)靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)**0.01g/字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)**，則250~500字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)**2.5g~5g**的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。---###2.**石英撓(nao)性(xing)(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)計的(de)典型(xing)參數(shu)**-**測量(liang)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)**：一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)**±10g至±100g**（具體取(qu)決(jue)于設計），高(gao)精度(du)(du)(du)型(xing)號(hao)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)更小（如(ru)(ru)±5g）。-**靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)**：通(tong)常在**1~100mV/g**或對(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。-**非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)度(du)(du)(du)**：---###3.**如(ru)(ru)何從“字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”推算實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)？**-**步驟**：1.**查閱規(gui)格書**：獲(huo)取(qu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)（如(ru)(ru)**0.02g/字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)**）或滿量(liang)程對(dui)應(ying)(ying)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)值(zhi)(zhi)。2.**校(xiao)(xiao)準公式**：﹨[加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)=(輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)-零(ling)點(dian)偏(pian)移(yi)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))﹨times靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)﹨]3.**示例(li)**：-若(ruo)零(ling)點(dian)偏(pian)移(yi)為(wei)(wei)300字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)0.01g/字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，則：-250字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)：﹨((250-300)﹨times0.01=-0.5g﹨)-500字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)對(dui)應(ying)(ying)：﹨((500-300)﹨times0.01=+2.0g﹨)-**實(shi)際測量(liang)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)**：**-0.5g~+2.0g**---###4.**注意(yi)事項(xiang)**-**零(ling)點(dian)偏(pian)移(yi)**：靜態時（零(ling)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)）的(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)非(fei)零(ling)，需校(xiao)(xiao)準。-**溫度(du)(du)(du)影響**：靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)隨溫度(du)(du)(du)變化，高(gao)精度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)(ying)用需溫度(du)(du)(du)補償。-**量(liang)程限制(zhi)**：若(ruo)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)接近250/500字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)極限值(zhi)(zhi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)能(neng)超出(chu)(chu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)量(liang)程，導致非(fei)線(xian)性(xing)(xing)或損壞(huai)。---###5.**建議**-**校(xiao)(xiao)準**：通(tong)過(guo)已知(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)（如(ru)(ru)重力(li)場旋轉）標定靈敏(min)(min)度(du)(du)(du)。-**規(gui)格確(que)認**：聯系(xi)制(zhi)造(zao)商獲(huo)取(qu)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)具體參數(shu)（如(ru)(ru)滿量(liang)程、數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)(chu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)）。-**信號(hao)調理**：確(que)保信號(hao)放大(da)/濾波電路匹配ADC輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)。如(ru)(ru)需進一步分(fen)(fen)析，請提供傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)型(xing)號(hao)或詳細規(gui)格參數(shu)。

石英(ying)(ying)撓性加速(su)(su)度(du)計是一(yi)種基(ji)于(yu)(yu)力平衡原(yuan)理(li)的(de)高(gao)精(jing)度(du)慣性傳感(gan)器(qi)，其由(you)石英(ying)(ying)材料(liao)制(zhi)成(cheng)，具有優異的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)穩定(ding)(ding)性和抗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)干(gan)擾能(neng)力。其結(jie)構主要(yao)由(you)石英(ying)(ying)擺(bai)片、撓性支撐梁(liang)、質量(liang)塊(kuai)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)驅(qu)動線圈(quan)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)檢(jian)測單元(yuan)組成(cheng)。**工(gong)作原(yuan)理(li)**：當加速(su)(su)度(du)作用(yong)于(yu)(yu)傳感(gan)器(qi)時(shi)，質量(liang)塊(kuai)在(zai)(zai)慣性力作用(yong)下(xia)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)，帶動石英(ying)(ying)撓性梁(liang)發生(sheng)(sheng)彈性形變。石英(ying)(ying)材料(liao)的(de)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性使其在(zai)(zai)形變時(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)信(xin)號，但(dan)更關鍵的(de)是通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)檢(jian)測單元(yuan)（或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)感(gan)應(ying)(ying)）將位(wei)(wei)移(yi)(yi)量(liang)轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號。閉(bi)環控制(zhi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中，該信(xin)號經放大后反(fan)饋至電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)驅(qu)動線圈(quan)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)與慣性力方(fang)向相反(fan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)恢復(fu)力，使質量(liang)塊(kuai)始終保持在(zai)(zai)平衡位(wei)(wei)置。通過測量(liang)反(fan)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)強度(du)即可反(fan)推出加速(su)(su)度(du)值（a=F/m）。**技術特性**：1.石英(ying)(ying)材料(liao)的(de)低(di)熱膨脹系(xi)(xi)數(shu)（0.5×10^-6/℃）保障了(le)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)穩定(ding)(ding)性；2.撓性梁(liang)采用(yong)化學蝕刻工(gong)藝加工(gong)，厚度(du)可控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)0.05-0.1mm，實現高(gao)靈敏度(du)；3.閉(bi)環反(fan)饋系(xi)(xi)統(tong)使量(liang)程可達±50g，分(fen)辨率優于(yu)(yu)10^-5g；4.交叉軸干(gan)擾低(di)于(yu)(yu)0.1%，重復(fu)性誤差小于(yu)(yu)50μg。**應(ying)(ying)用(yong)領域**：主要(yao)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)慣性導航系(xi)(xi)統(tong)（如航天(tian)器(qi)、戰略）、精(jing)密監測、石油(you)測井等場景。相較(jiao)(jiao)于(yu)(yu)MEMS加速(su)(su)度(du)計，其長期(qi)穩定(ding)(ding)性提(ti)高(gao)2個數(shu)量(liang)級，但(dan)成(cheng)本較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)且體積較(jiao)(jiao)大（典型(xing)尺寸30×30×20mm）。現代改進型(xing)通過數(shu)字化閉(bi)環控制(zhi)、溫(wen)(wen)度(du)補(bu)償(chang)算法和微封裝技術，進一(yi)步(bu)提(ti)升了(le)動態范圍（可達±100g）和抗沖擊能(neng)力（>1000g）。