石英晶(jing)體諧振器的功能和標(biao)識

石(shi)(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體諧振器(qi)成(cheng)品上標(biao)有一個標(biao)稱(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)和廠家品牌(pai)標(biao)識，當電(dian)(dian)路工作在(zai)(zai)這個標(biao)稱(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)時，頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)穩定(ding)度高。這個標(biao)稱(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)通(tong)常(chang)(chang)是在(zai)(zai)成(cheng)品出廠前，在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體上并(bing)接(jie)一定(ding)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)條件下測定(ding)的(de)。在(zai)(zai)實際組成(cheng)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體振蕩器(qi)時必須在(zai)(zai)石(shi)(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體兩端并(bing)接(jie)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，且負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)必須符合石(shi)(shi)英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)體技術條件中所規定(ding)的(de)數值，音叉晶(jing)(jing)體諧振器(qi)報(bao)價，這個電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)大都采(cai)用(yong)微(wei)調電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，以便調整。規定(ding)的(de)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)值載(zai)于廠家的(de)產品說明(ming)書中，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)30pF(高頻(pin)(pin)晶(jing)(jing)體)，或為(wei)100pF (低頻(pin)(pin)晶(jing)(jing)體)，音叉晶(jing)(jing)體諧振器(qi)生產廠家，還有32.768KHz普通(tong)晶(jing)(jing)體對應(ying)的(de)12.5PF（普通(tong)常(chang)(chang)見的(de)一種負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)）或標(biao)示為(wei)田(tian)(這是指無需外(wai)接(jie)負(fu)載(zai)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)，通(tong)常(chang)(chang)用(yong)在(zai)(zai)串聯(lian)晶(jing)(jing)體振蕩器(qi)中)。

石英(ying)晶(jing)體諧振器的主要參數

晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要參(can)(can)數(shu)有標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)精(jing)度、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)度等(deng)(deng)。不(bu)(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)同，標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)大都標(biao)明(ming)在晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)外殼上。如(ru)常(chang)用普通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)有：48kHz、500 kHz、503.5 kHz、1MHz～40.50 MHz等(deng)(deng)，對于(yu)特殊要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)可(ke)達到1000 MHz以上，也有不(bu)(bu)具標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，音叉晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)(qi)，如(ru)CRB 、ZTB、Ja等(deng)(deng)系列(lie)。負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)是指晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩條(tiao)引線(xian)連接(jie)IC塊內部及外部所有有效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)之和，可(ke)看(kan)作晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)片(pian)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中串(chuan)(chuan)接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)。負(fu)載頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)同決定(ding)(ding)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)不(bu)(bu)同。標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)不(bu)(bu)一定(ding)(ding)相同。因為(wei)石英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)(qi)有兩個諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，一個是串(chuan)(chuan)聯諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)：另一個為(wei)并聯諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。所以，標(biao)稱(cheng)(cheng)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)互(hu)換時還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)要求(qiu)(qiu)負(fu)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)一致，不(bu)(bu)能冒然互(hu)換，否則會(hui)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作不(bu)(bu)正常(chang)。頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)精(jing)度和頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)：由(you)于(yu)普通(tong)(tong)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能基本性(xing)(xing)(xing)能達到一般(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，對于(yu)設備(bei)還(huan)需要有一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)精(jing)度和頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)精(jing)度從量(liang)級到量(liang)級不(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)。穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)度從±1到±100ppm不(bu)(bu)等(deng)(deng)。這要根據(ju)具體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備(bei)需要而選擇合適的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，如(ru)通(tong)(tong)信網絡，無線(xian)資料傳輸(shu)等(deng)(deng)系統就需要更高要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石英(ying)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)體(ti)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)器(qi)(qi)。因此，晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)(can)數(shu)決定(ding)(ding)了(le)晶(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)和性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。

石英晶體諧振器術語

石英晶(jing)(jing)體俗稱水晶(jing)(jing)，成分(fen)SiO2，音叉晶(jing)(jing)體諧(xie)振(zhen)器(qi)(qi)廠家，它不僅是(shi)較好的(de)光學材料，而且是(shi)重要的(de)壓(ya)電(dian)材料。晶(jing)(jing)體的(de)主要特(te)征是(shi)其原子或分(fen)子有規律排列(lie)，反映在(zai)宏(hong)觀上是(shi)外(wai)形的(de)對(dui)稱性。人造水晶(jing)(jing)在(zai)高溫高壓(ya)下(xia)結(jie)晶(jing)(jing)而成。在(zai)電(dian)場的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)下(xia)，晶(jing)(jing)體內部產(chan)生(sheng)應力而形變，從而產(chan)生(sheng)機械振(zhen)動，獲得特(te)定(ding)的(de)頻(pin)率。我(wo)們利(li)用(yong)它的(de)這(zhe)種逆壓(ya)電(dian)效應特(te)性來制造石英晶(jing)(jing)體諧(xie)振(zhen)器(qi)(qi)。

術語 定義

ＡＴ切割(ge)(ge) 用(yong)特(te)殊的切割(ge)(ge)角度加工(gong)晶體的一(yi)種切割(ge)(ge)方(fang)法(fa)，用(yong)這種切割(ge)(ge)方(fang)法(fa)加工(gong)的晶體有良好(hao)的溫(wen)度特(te)性(xing)，是制造石(shi)英晶體元件常(chang)用(yong)的方(fang)法(fa)。

老化率(lv) 石(shi)英(ying)晶體產品(pin)頻率(lv)相(xiang)對于時間的(de)穩定性，一般情況下它的(de)變化是(shi)幾個ppm/年

等效電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)ＲＩ 等效電(dian)阻(zu)(zu)（ESR）通常表明(ming)石英諧(xie)振器在連續(xu)振蕩(dang)中阻(zu)(zu)抗性能的好壞

調(diao)整頻(pin)差 各(ge)種頻(pin)率可(ke)接收的變化范(fan)圍（一(yi)般情況(kuang)下(xia)用ppm表(biao)示(shi)）

溫(wen)度頻(pin)差 石英(ying)晶體元件頻(pin)率隨溫(wen)度變化而變化的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)性。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)割方法和不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)切(qie)割角度都有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)性曲線。