1、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)箱四軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)箱的(de)構造,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)旋轉(zhuan)通(tong)過皮(pi)帶輪(lun)送刀(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)箱內的(de)變速齒輪(lun),以此(ci)來(lai)(lai)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)特定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)轉(zhuan)速。在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)箱的(de)前后裝(zhuang)有(you)夾(jia)緊(jin)卡(ka)(ka)盤,可將工件裝(zhuang)夾(jia)在此(ci)。2、主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)和(he)(he)直(zhi)流(liu)。直(zhi)流(liu)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可靠性高,容易在寬(kuan)范圍內控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)轉(zhuan)矩和(he)(he)速度(du),因此(ci)被廣泛(fan)使(shi)用,然(ran)而,近年來(lai)(lai)小型、高速度(du)、的(de)交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)作為電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)術的(de)發展成果越來(lai)(lai)越多(duo)地被人(ren)們利用起來(lai)(lai)。3、夾(jia)緊(jin)裝(zhuang)置這套裝(zhuang)置通(tong)過液壓自動控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)卡(ka)(ka)爪的(de)開/合(he)。四軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數控(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)床(chuang)4、往復拖板(ban)(ban)在往復拖板(ban)(ban)上(shang)裝(zhuang)有(you)刀(dao)架,刀(dao)具(ju)可以通(tong)過拖板(ban)(ban)實現主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位和(he)(he)移動,從而同(tong)Z軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)完成長(chang)度(du)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)切(qie)削。5、刀(dao)架次裝(zhuang)置可以固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)刀(dao)具(ju)和(he)(he)索引刀(dao)具(ju),使(shi)刀(dao)具(ju)在與主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)垂直(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)位,并同(tong)Z軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)伺(si)服電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)共同(tong)完成截面(mian)(mian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)的(de)切(qie)削。6、控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)包括CRT操作面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(執行NC數據(ju)的(de)輸入/輸出(chu))和(he)(he)車(che)床(chuang)操作面(mian)(mian)板(ban)(ban)(執行車(che)床(chuang)的(de)手動操作)。

在(zai)大(da)型(xing)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，我(wo)們需要知道(dao)怎樣提(ti)高大(da)型(xing)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率，在(zai)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)只有(you)充(chong)分(fen)考(kao)慮影(ying)響大(da)型(xing)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)方(fang)面因(yin)素(su)(su)，才能使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)大(da)型(xing)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能力得(de)到充(chong)分(fen)發揮，那么，影(ying)響大(da)型(xing)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)因(yin)素(su)(su)有(you)哪些呢？ 1、改良工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)裝(zhuang)夾、壓緊方(fang)式，能用(yong)快(kuai)速(su)卡具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)用(yong)傳統壓板；縮(suo)短上(shang)下工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)輔(fu)(fu)助時(shi)間(jian)；2、減(jian)少(shao)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床對(dui)(dui)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)任(ren)務，就(jiu)是(shi)縮(suo)短總的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)，從(cong)而提(ti)率；比如工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)有(you)少(shao)數(shu)(shu)幾個(ge)螺紋(wen)通孔，就(jiu)比較適(shi)合(he)車(che)(che)床操作(zuo)(zuo)員徒手加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，當(dang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)夾好，開始運行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，操作(zuo)(zuo)者就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)輔(fu)(fu)以(yi)(yi)手動(dong)攻(gong)絲(si)；3、選擇(ze)適(shi)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。能用(yong)組(zu)(zu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)完成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，不(bu)用(yong)單(dan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。比如鉆孔和倒(dao)角，就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)組(zu)(zu)合(he)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)完成(cheng)；4、優(you)化加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般可(ke)以(yi)(yi)編出幾個(ge)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)，但是(shi)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)之(zhi)間(jian)就(jiu)有(you)區(qu)別。能夠使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)快(kuai)速(su)定(ding)位(wei)實現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)床移動(dong)，就(jiu)盡(jin)量不(bu)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)長(chang)形工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)，還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過調整刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起始方(fang)向，來(lai)減(jian)少(shao)車(che)(che)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空走(zou)行(xing)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，意思就(jiu)是(shi)說在(zai)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成(cheng)，開始換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)做下一(yi)(yi)(yi)道(dao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)，就(jiu)從(cong)此(ci)段(duan)(duan)開始接著加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，不(bu)用(yong)再空走(zou)到另一(yi)(yi)(yi)段(duan)(duan)開始加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)；5、正確選擇(ze)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切削(xue)速(su)度(du)。切削(xue)速(su)度(du)過低(di)，單(dan)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間(jian)長(chang)，效(xiao)率低(di)；過高又會使(shi)(shi)(shi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)壽命變(bian)短，增加(jia)(jia)換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)，總體下來(lai)效(xiao)率也低(di)，實際(ji)選擇(ze)可(ke)參(can)考(kao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)參(can)數(shu)(shu)；6、另外，倘若(ruo)四(si)(si)軸(zhou)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零件(jian)(jian)相似，區(qu)別不(bu)大(da)時(shi)，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)考(kao)慮將刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)庫中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)置放同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)把刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)變(bian)，在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)中(zhong)盡(jin)量采用(yong)同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju)(ju)(ju)號(hao)編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，此(ci)法可(ke)節省更(geng)換(huan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)時(shi)換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、對(dui)(dui)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，從(cong)而提(ti)率。

普通(tong)(tong)車(che)床(chuang)有(you)(you)很多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式(shi)，的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式(shi)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)(zhe)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)普通(tong)(tong)車(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大特點(dian)(dian)，關于(yu)(yu)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)又(you)可以(yi)(yi)分為不同工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)操(cao)作，車(che)螺(luo)絲是(shi)(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)形式(shi)，下面主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)介紹一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)下如何(he)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)車(che)削(xue)螺(luo)絲。普通(tong)(tong)車(che)床(chuang)普通(tong)(tong)車(che)床(chuang)在(zai)走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)靠近操(cao)作者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)邊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)床(chuang)身側旁有(you)(you)兩根貫穿全(quan)車(che)床(chuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)(yi)旋(xuan)轉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)圓形截(jie)(jie)面帶鍵槽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)正六邊形截(jie)(jie)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)光桿(gan)軸(zhou)(zhou)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根是(shi)(shi)(shi)全(quan)絲桿(gan)軸(zhou)(zhou)，當(dang)做一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)將走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)光桿(gan)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離合(he)(he)器合(he)(he)上(shang)，讓光桿(gan)軸(zhou)(zhou)驅(qu)動(dong)走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)給進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，當(dang)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)車(che)削(xue)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)時(shi)，將絲桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離合(he)(he)器合(he)(he)上(shang)，讓絲桿(gan)驅(qu)動(dong)走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)車(che)削(xue)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)狀態是(shi)(shi)(shi)專門用(yong)(yong)來車(che)削(xue)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)其中(zhong)有(you)(you)幾(ji)點(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)，例如1、絲桿(gan)與(yu)光桿(gan)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離合(he)(he)器是(shi)(shi)(shi)互鎖的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)每次只能選用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)，它們之間(jian)會進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)機械(xie)互鎖，光桿(gan)與(yu)絲桿(gan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不會同時(shi)轉動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。2、絲桿(gan)與(yu)車(che)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定比數關系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也(ye)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)每轉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)周，絲桿(gan)要(yao)(yao)帶動(dong)走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)走(zou)設定多(duo)少(shao)距(ju)離，這(zhe)(zhe)樣就可以(yi)(yi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)上(shang)車(che)削(xue)出(chu)螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)來了。3、主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)轉速(su)與(yu)絲桿(gan)轉速(su)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比數關系是(shi)(shi)(shi)可以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)調(diao)配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)給箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變速(su)：在(zai)床(chuang)頭箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)下面有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)改變走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)驅(qu)動(dong)速(su)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變速(su)調(diao)整(zheng)檔位，在(zai)此可以(yi)(yi)改變走(zou)刀(dao)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)絲桿(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速(su);在(zai)床(chuang)頭箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)掛輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)比調(diao)整(zheng)，這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點(dian)(dian)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)英(ying)制螺(luo)紋(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

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