起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)是在一(yi)定范圍內垂直提升并水平搬運(yun)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物的多動作起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)。橋式類型(xing)(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)包括(kuo)橋式起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、特種起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、門式起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)卸橋等(deng)。經濾油(you)器、隔爆(bao)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)磁(ci)換向(xiang)閥(fa)、節(jie)流閥(fa)、液(ye)(ye)控單向(xiang)閥(fa)、平衡(heng)閥(fa)進入液(ye)(ye)缸下端，使液(ye)(ye)缸的活塞向(xiang)上(shang)運(yun)動，起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)價格(ge)，提升重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)物，液(ye)(ye)缸上(shang)端回油(you)經隔爆(bao)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)磁(ci)換向(xiang)閥(fa)回到油(you)箱。大(da)多數起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)，需要(yao)在較大(da)的空間范圍內運(yun)行(xing)，小型(xing)(xing)起(qi)(qi)(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)設(she)備(bei)，有(you)的要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)軌道和車(che)(che)輪（如(ru)塔(ta)吊、橋吊等(deng)）；有(you)的要(yao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上(shang)輪胎或履帶(dai)在地面(mian)上(shang)行(xing)走（如(ru)汽車(che)(che)吊、履帶(dai)吊等(deng)）。

作業(ye)(ye)環境復雜(za)。從大(da)型鋼鐵聯(lian)合企業(ye)(ye)，輕型起(qi)重(zhong)設備(bei)，到(dao)現代化港口、建筑工地(di)(di)、鐵路(lu)樞紐、旅(lv)游勝(sheng)地(di)(di)，都有起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)在(zai)運(yun)行；作業(ye)(ye)場所常(chang)常(chang)會遇有高溫、高壓、、輸電線路(lu)、強磁等危(wei)險(xian)因素。起(qi)重(zhong)設備(bei)通常(chang)結構(gou)龐大(da)，機(ji)構(gou)復雜(za)，能完(wan)成(cheng)起(qi)升(sheng)運(yun)動(dong)、水平運(yun)動(dong)。例如，橋(qiao)式起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)能完(wan)成(cheng)起(qi)升(sheng)、大(da)車(che)(che)運(yun)行和小車(che)(che)運(yun)行3個運(yun)動(dong)。配備(bei)抓斗后可搬運(yun)煤炭(tan)、礦石、糧(liang)食之(zhi)類的散狀物料(liao)，配備(bei)盛桶后可吊運(yun)鋼水等液態物料(liao)。有些起(qi)重(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)如電梯也(ye)可用(yong)來載人。

起(qi)(qi)重設備是在取料(liao)之后(hou)即(ji)開(kai)始垂直或(huo)(huo)垂直兼有(you)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)工作(zuo)行(xing)程，起(qi)(qi)重設備，到達目的(de)地后(hou)卸(xie)載，再空行(xing)程到取料(liao)地點，完成(cheng)一(yi)個工作(zuo)循環，然后(hou)再進行(xing)第二次吊運或(huo)(huo)搬運。有(you)些起(qi)(qi)重設備還(huan)具有(you)運行(xing)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、變幅機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)、回(hui)轉(zhuan)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)他的(de)工作(zuo)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)。物料(liao)可以由鋼絲繩或(huo)(huo)起(qi)(qi)重鏈條等撓性件吊掛著升(sheng)降，也可由螺桿或(huo)(huo)其(qi)(qi)他剛(gang)性件頂(ding)舉。升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)由行(xing)走機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)， 液壓(ya)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，電(dian)動控制機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)，支(zhi)撐機(ji)(ji)構(gou)(gou)組成(cheng)的(de)一(yi)種升(sheng)降機(ji)(ji)設備。液壓(ya)油由葉片泵形成(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)壓(ya)力。