銅包(bao)鋁(lv)(lv)線是(shi)在鋁(lv)(lv)芯上同心地包(bao)覆銅層并使銅鋁(lv)(lv)界面(mian)形成金(jin)屬(shu)結合(he)的(de)雙(shuang)金(jin)屬(shu)復合(he)導線，它是(shi)銅導線的(de)更新換代產品(pin)，二十(shi)一世紀的(de)新復合(he)材料。具有(you)合(he)理利用自然資源，降低生(sheng)產成本，方便工程(cheng)施工等(deng)優點，具有(you)廣闊的(de)發展前景。

1、 銅包鋁線的規格及表示方法

銅(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)線(xian)按銅(tong)層(ceng)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)（銅(tong)層(ceng)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)占(zhan)銅(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)線(xian)的體(ti)積(ji)(ji)百分(fen)比(bi)(bi)）不同分(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)種：銅(tong)層(ceng)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)在8-12%范圍(wei)內(nei)的為(wei)10%級(ji)（簡記為(wei)10），銅(tong)層(ceng)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)比(bi)(bi)在13-17%范圍(wei)內(nei)的為(wei)15%級(ji)（簡記為(wei)15）。銅(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)線(xian)按軟(ruan)硬狀態(tai)不同又分(fen)為(wei)兩(liang)(liang)種：拉(la)拔后未(wei)退火者為(wei)硬態(tai)以H表示。拉(la)拔后退火者為(wei)軟(ruan)態(tai)以A表示。因此(ci)銅(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)線(xian)可分(fen)為(wei)四類：10H

、10A、15H、15A。各類(lei)銅包(bao)鋁線又可拉拔成不(bu)同的標(biao)稱直徑。銅包(bao)鋁線以代號CCA（Copper Clad

Aluminum)表(biao)示，其(qi)規格(ge)表(biao)示方法(fa)為：例如(ru)：對于直(zhi)徑2.77mm，銅(tong)層體積比為15%的軟態(tai)銅(tong)包(bao)鋁線，其(qi)規格(ge)的標記(ji)為：CCA-15A-2.77

三、延長銅包鋁電(dian)線壽命的方法

1. 安裝、維護(hu)應按國(guo)家電(dian)氣安全標準規范進行(xing)，銅漆(qi)包線批(pi)發(fa)，隔離和(he)保護(hu)鋁質電(dian)線，避免(mian)接觸污(wu)染物。安裝時應考(kao)慮鋁導線熱膨脹系數(shu)大，要進行(xing)補償，以(yi)避免(mian)因溫度變化而引起(qi)的(de)負荷不良。

2. 降低電流密(mi)度和更(geng)換過期電線(xian)，以(yi)避免因過載過電而造(zao)成(cheng)的線(xian)路過熱和老化。

3. 接頭處(chu)理時應以盡可能減少軸向(xiang)力的方式進行，采用橋(qiao)接或插接方式。

4. 常(chang)規檢(jian)(jian)查：檢(jian)(jian)查接頭部位是否發熱，銅漆(qi)包線哪家好(hao)，檢(jian)(jian)查絕緣狀況是否良好(hao)等。

4. 在陽(yang)光(guang)下放一個(ge)U形(xing)的(de)垂直(zhi)角隔離器等(deng)紅色塑料塊，以防止露天陽(yang)光(guang)直(zhi)射在電線上。

綜上，銅(tong)包鋁電線的(de)壽(shou)(shou)命受多種因素影(ying)響(xiang)，預(yu)期(qi)使用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命在20-50年不等，但通(tong)過科(ke)學的(de)安裝、使用(yong)和維護，可以(yi)延長其使用(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命。

銅(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)和純銅(tong)進行以下四(si)方(fang)面的比較：

機械特性：

純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)強度、伸長率比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)大(da)，也就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)在機(ji)(ji)械性能方面比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)好。從電(dian)纜設計的(de)角度來看，純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)比(bi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)機(ji)(ji)械強度好的(de)優點，在實(shi)際應用過程中不一定需要。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)比(bi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)輕很(hen)多，因(yin)此銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)的(de)電(dian)纜在整體(ti)(ti)(ti)重(zhong)量(liang)上(shang)比(bi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)纜要輕，銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)漆包(bao)線生產廠家，這(zhe)樣會給電(dian)纜的(de)運輸和電(dian)纜的(de)架設施工帶來方便。另外銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)比(bi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軟一點，用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包(bao)鋁(lv)導(dao)(dao)(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)生產的(de)電(dian)纜在柔軟性方面比(bi)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)電(dian)纜好一點。

電氣性能：

因(yin)為鋁(lv)的導(dao)電性比(bi)銅差，使得銅包鋁(lv)導(dao)體的直流(liu)電阻比(bi)純銅導(dao)體大，這點(dian)有(you)無影(ying)響(xiang)主要 2014年中考沖刺(ci)綜合復習指導(dao)北京地區試(shi)提 廣(guang)東(dong)地區試(shi)提

江蘇地區試提

看電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)是否會被用供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如給放(fang)大器提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，如果被用來(lai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)話，銅(tong)包(bao)(bao)鋁(lv)(lv)導(dao)體將會導(dao)致額外的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)耗(hao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降低較多(duo)(duo)。當頻率超過5MHz時(shi)，此時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻衰減(jian)在這兩種不同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)體下沒(mei)有明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)別。當然(ran)，這主(zhu)要是因為高頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)集膚效應，頻率越(yue)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)(de)流動(dong)(dong)就越(yue)接近導(dao)體表(biao)面，銅(tong)漆(qi)包(bao)(bao)線，在銅(tong)包(bao)(bao)鋁(lv)(lv)導(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面實(shi)際上(shang)純銅(tong)材料，當頻率高到一定時(shi)候(hou)，整個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流鍍在銅(tong)材質里面流動(dong)(dong)了(le)。在5MHz情(qing)況(kuang)下，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流在近表(biao)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)約0.025毫(hao)米厚度中流動(dong)(dong)，而銅(tong)包(bao)(bao)鋁(lv)(lv)導(dao)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)銅(tong)層厚度比此厚度多(duo)(duo)約一倍。對于(yu)同(tong)軸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，因為傳輸的(de)(de)(de)(de)信號是在5MHz以(yi)上(shang)，因此銅(tong)包(bao)(bao)鋁(lv)(lv)導(dao)體和純銅(tong)導(dao)體傳輸效果是相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在實(shi)際測(ce)試電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衰減(jian)可以(yi)證明這一點。