房屋建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝流程(cheng)主要(yao)分為前期(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)、方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)設(she)計、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)(bei)、加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及(ji)(ji)驗收(shou)(shou)五(wu)個階(jie)段，具體流程(cheng)如(ru)下：**1.檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)評估階(jie)段**首先(xian)(xian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)對建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)進行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)，廠(chang)房加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)，包括結構損傷檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查（裂(lie)縫、變形等(deng)(deng)）、材料強度測(ce)(ce)(ce)試（混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)碳(tan)(tan)化、鋼筋銹蝕等(deng)(deng)）及(ji)(ji)荷(he)載(zai)分析。通(tong)過(guo)儀器與軟件評估結構安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)抗震(zhen)(zhen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能，明(ming)確(que)(que)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)范(fan)圍(wei)及(ji)(ji)目標(biao)，形成檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報告(gao)作為設(she)計依據。**2.方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)設(she)計與審批(pi)**根據檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)結果(guo)，由設(she)計單(dan)位制定加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，選(xuan)擇碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)布粘(zhan)貼(tie)(tie)、粘(zhan)鋼加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)、增大截面(mian)法或(huo)基礎(chu)托(tuo)換等(deng)(deng)技術。方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)需(xu)(xu)(xu)符合《混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結構加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)設(she)計規范(fan)》等(deng)(deng)標(biao)準，并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)論(lun)證(zheng)及(ji)(ji)相關部門審批(pi)，確(que)(que)定施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙與技術參數。**3.施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)準備(bei)(bei)(bei)**-**材料準備(bei)(bei)(bei)**：采(cai)(cai)購碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)布、結構膠(jiao)、鋼板、混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)等(deng)(deng)材料，需(xu)(xu)(xu)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)質量(liang)證(zheng)明(ming)文(wen)件并(bing)進行(xing)抽樣復檢(jian)(jian)(jian)。-**現場(chang)準備(bei)(bei)(bei)**：搭設(she)腳(jiao)手(shou)架，移除障(zhang)礙物，對需(xu)(xu)(xu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)區域進行(xing)表面(mian)處理（如(ru)打磨、除塵），設(she)置臨時(shi)支撐(cheng)確(que)(que)保施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)安全。**4.加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程(cheng)**-**混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)結構加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)**：裂(lie)縫處采(cai)(cai)用注漿修補；梁柱采(cai)(cai)用碳(tan)(tan)纖維(wei)布包裹或(huo)外(wai)包鋼加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)；樓(lou)板可增設(she)鋼梁或(huo)粘(zhan)貼(tie)(tie)鋼板補強。-**基礎(chu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)**：通(tong)過(guo)樹根樁(zhuang)、靜(jing)壓樁(zhuang)或(huo)擴大基礎(chu)面(mian)積(ji)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)承載(zai)力。-**抗震(zhen)(zhen)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)**：增設(she)剪(jian)力墻、阻尼器或(huo)隔震(zhen)(zhen)支座，增強整體抗震(zhen)(zhen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中需(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴格把控(kong)膠(jiao)粘(zhan)劑配(pei)比、焊接(jie)質量(liang)及(ji)(ji)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土(tu)(tu)(tu)養護周期(qi)(qi)，確(que)(que)保新舊結構協同受力。**5.質量(liang)驗收(shou)(shou)與監測(ce)(ce)(ce)**施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)完成后進行(xing)載(zai)荷(he)試驗、超(chao)聲波檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)等(deng)(deng)驗收(shou)(shou)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，確(que)(que)保加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)效果(guo)達標(biao)。同時(shi)建(jian)(jian)立長期(qi)(qi)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)機制，定期(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查結構狀態。驗收(shou)(shou)文(wen)件包括材料檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)報告(gao)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄及(ji)(ji)第三方(fang)(fang)(fang)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)結果(guo)，終歸(gui)檔備(bei)(bei)(bei)案(an)(an)。整個流程(cheng)需(xu)(xu)(xu)遵(zun)循'先(xian)(xian)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)后施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)'原則，結合建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特點選(xuan)擇經濟合理的加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)技術，確(que)(que)保工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安全性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐久性(xing)(xing)(xing)。

危(wei)房(fang)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)一項關乎建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)安(an)全(quan)與(yu)(yu)生命(ming)財產安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要工(gong)程(cheng)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)要科學(xue)規(gui)劃與(yu)(yu)實施(shi)。以下是(shi)危(wei)房(fang)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)知識(shi)要點：###一、結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)安(an)全(quan)評估加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)前必須(xu)委托機構(gou)(gou)對房(fang)屋進行(xing)檢(jian)測，辦公(gong)樓加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，包括地基沉降、承(cheng)重(zhong)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)（梁(liang)、柱、墻）開裂(lie)程(cheng)度、材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)老化情況等，通(tong)過荷載計(ji)算和抗(kang)震(zhen)評估確定危(wei)險等級(ji)。檢(jian)測報(bao)告是(shi)制定加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)方案(an)的(de)(de)依(yi)據。###二(er)、常(chang)用(yong)(yong)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)技術(shu)1.**基礎加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)**：針對地基問題，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)注漿加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、擴大基礎底面積或(huo)增設(she)樁基等方式提升承(cheng)載力。2.**墻體加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)**：對承(cheng)重(zhong)墻裂(lie)縫采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋網片+高(gao)強(qiang)砂漿抹面；空斗墻可增設(she)構(gou)(gou)造柱與(yu)(yu)圈(quan)梁(liang)形成(cheng)整體框(kuang)架。3.**梁(liang)柱加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)**：混凝土構(gou)(gou)件采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)外包鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)或(huo)碳(tan)纖(xian)維布(bu)包裹(guo)；木(mu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)可使用(yong)(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)構(gou)(gou)套箍或(huo)環氧(yang)樹脂填(tian)補(bu)裂(lie)縫。4.**樓板加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)**：預制板加(jia)(jia)設(she)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)梁(liang)支撐(cheng)，現澆板底部(bu)粘貼碳(tan)纖(xian)維布(bu)或(huo)增設(she)疊(die)合層。###三(san)(san)、材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)要點優(you)先選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)輕質高(gao)強(qiang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)（如碳(tan)纖(xian)維布(bu)、結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)膠(jiao)）以減少附加(jia)(jia)荷載；鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)做防腐(fu)處理，混凝土強(qiang)度等級(ji)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)比原結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)提高(gao)一級(ji)。傳統(tong)磚木(mu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)應(ying)注重(zhong)防潮防腐(fu)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。###四、施(shi)工(gong)注意事項1.遵循'先支撐(cheng)后加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)'原則，設(she)置臨時支撐(cheng)體系(xi)保障(zhang)施(shi)工(gong)安(an)全(quan)2.新(xin)舊結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)連接處需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)鑿(zao)毛并采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)植筋技術(shu)3.加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)后需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進行(xing)72小(xiao)時沉降觀(guan)測和荷載試驗4.保留20%設(she)計(ji)余量以應(ying)對未來可能(neng)的(de)(de)荷載變化###五(wu)、規(gui)范與(yu)(yu)監管必須(xu)符合《民用(yong)(yong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)可靠性鑒定標準(zhun)》（GB50292）和《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)抗(kang)震(zhen)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)技術(shu)規(gui)程(cheng)》（JGJ116）。施(shi)工(gong)企業需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)具備特種，竣工(gong)后需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)通(tong)過第三(san)(san)方檢(jian)測驗收。危(wei)房(fang)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)是(shi)延長建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)壽命(ming)的(de)(de)經濟方案(an)，但超過結(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)極限（如整體傾斜率＞4‰）或(huo)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)成(cheng)本超新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造價70%時，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)拆(chai)除重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。日常(chang)應(ying)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立定期檢(jian)測機制，六安(an)加(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)，早發現早處理方能(neng)有效防控風險。

建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程注意(yi)事(shi)項建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程是(shi)(shi)提升(sheng)既有建筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)安全性(xing)和(he)耐久性(xing)的(de)重要(yao)手段，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)遵循技(ji)術(shu)規范(fan)和(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)流程。以下是(shi)(shi)關鍵注意(yi)事(shi)項：1.**檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)與(yu)評估(gu)**施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前必須委托機構(gou)(gou)(gou)對建筑(zhu)(zhu)現狀進(jin)行(xing)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，包(bao)括(kuo)混凝(ning)土強度(du)、鋼筋銹蝕、裂(lie)縫分布(bu)及(ji)地基沉降等，明(ming)確結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)損傷(shang)程度(du)和(he)原(yuan)因。依據檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果制(zhi)定(ding)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)方案(an)(an)，避免盲(mang)目施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)導致二(er)次損傷(shang)。2.**科學(xue)設計與(yu)資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)審核(he)**加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)方案(an)(an)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)由具備資(zi)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)設計單位(wei)編制(zhi)，綜合(he)(he)(he)考慮(lv)荷(he)載(zai)變化、抗震需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)求及(ji)原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)特點(dian)，優先采用(yong)非破壞性(xing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)技(ji)術(shu)（如碳纖維(wei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)、體外(wai)預應(ying)(ying)力）。設計方案(an)(an)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)通過(guo)(guo)論證，確保(bao)符合(he)(he)(he)《建筑(zhu)(zhu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量驗(yan)收規范(fan)》等標準(zhun)。3.**材料質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量控(kong)制(zhi)**加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)材料（如結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)膠、碳纖維(wei)布(bu)、錨栓等）必須符合(he)(he)(he)，提供出廠(chang)合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)證和(he)檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)報告(gao)。嚴(yan)禁(jin)使用(yong)過(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)或劣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)材料，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)適配性(xing)試驗(yan)，確保(bao)與(yu)原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)有效結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)。4.**規范(fan)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)**施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)嚴(yan)格(ge)(ge)按(an)照工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序操作(zuo)，例如：混凝(ning)土表面處(chu)理需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)達(da)到(dao)清潔度(du)要(yao)求，結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)膠涂刷應(ying)(ying)均勻飽滿；新增構(gou)(gou)(gou)件與(yu)原(yuan)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)連(lian)接節點(dian)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)重點(dian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)。避免野蠻施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)導致結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)擾動，必要(yao)時需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)設置臨(lin)時支撐(cheng)。5.**動態監(jian)測(ce)(ce)與(yu)安全管理**施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間應(ying)(ying)實時監(jian)測(ce)(ce)建筑(zhu)(zhu)變形、裂(lie)縫發展等情況，發現異常(chang)立(li)即排(pai)查(cha)。高空(kong)作(zuo)業需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)做好防(fang)護(hu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，電焊等明(ming)火作(zuo)業須避開(kai)材料。既有建筑(zhu)(zhu)若需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)維(wei)持使用(yong)，需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)劃(hua)分安全區域并設置警示標志。6.**驗(yan)收與(yu)后期(qi)(qi)(qi)維(wei)護(hu)**工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程完成(cheng)后需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)荷(he)載(zai)試驗(yan)和(he)第(di)三方檢(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)，重點(dian)核(he)查(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)部位(wei)連(lian)接質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)承載(zai)力提升(sheng)效果。驗(yan)收合(he)(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)后建立(li)維(wei)護(hu)檔案(an)(an)，定(ding)期(qi)(qi)(qi)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)部位(wei)是(shi)(shi)否有開(kai)裂(lie)、脫膠等現象，及(ji)時修補。**特殊提示**：歷史建筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)兼顧保(bao)護(hu)原(yuan)貌，優先采用(yong)可逆性(xing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)；多發區需(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)強化抗震節點(dian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)固(gu)(gu)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間應(ying)(ying)協調(diao)周(zhou)邊環境(jing)，避免對相鄰建筑(zhu)(zhu)造成(cheng)影響。