在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)制造(zao)過程(cheng)中，由外面侵入(ru)的(de)(de)(de)極微量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)分(fen)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)絕(jue)緣層中是均勻分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)，但電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)投入(ru)使用后(hou)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)作用下，受到不均勻電(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)吸引，產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)極化遷(qian)移，逐漸積累而產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)局部過飽和狀(zhuang)態(tai)形成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)。電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)絕(jue)緣層中只要同時存在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)和電(dian)(dian)場就會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)。水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)是直徑在(zai)(zai)０．１微米到幾微米充滿水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)空隙集(ji)合(he)。水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)和環境(jing)濕度也有關，交聯聚乙烯電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)在(zai)(zai)６５％以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)濕度環境(jing)中通(tong)電(dian)(dian)就可(ke)以(yi)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)。水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)存在(zai)(zai)直接影響到電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)命(ming)。為了降低(di)水(shui)(shui)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)增長速度，在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位較高及多雨的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)，不宜采取埋地(di)(di)敷(fu)設；在(zai)(zai)南方(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)黃梅季節電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)溝內(nei)容易結露，因此要有通(tong)內(nei)措施(shi)；電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)入(ru)口處應有堵水(shui)(shui)措施(shi)，避免(mian)雨水(shui)(shui)流入(ru)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)。

電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)外(wai)皮(pi)多為(wei)普通塑料(PVC)或橡(xiang)膠，當他(ta)們處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)零度(du)(du)以(yi)下(xia)的(de)環境時，就會(hui)變硬(ying)(ying)，整個(ge)電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)線體都(dou)(dou)會(hui)發硬(ying)(ying)、變脆，導(dao)致外(wai)皮(pi)可能在(zai)輕微(wei)外(wai)力的(de)情況下(xia)都(dou)(dou)會(hui)出現脫落受(shou)損(sun)，在(zai)冬季，尤其是北方地區，室(shi)外(wai)的(de)溫度(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)處(chu)(chu)于(yu)(yu)零度(du)(du)以(yi)下(xia)，地表(biao)溫度(du)(du)可能會(hui)更低，所以(yi)，綠寶光伏電(dian)纜(lan)，如果將(jiang)電(dian)線電(dian)纜(lan)產(chan)品(pin)置于(yu)(yu)室(shi)外(wai)或直接置于(yu)(yu)地表(biao)，很可能就會(hui)出現產(chan)品(pin)外(wai)皮(pi)脫落的(de)現象。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)加(jia)上交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，就有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)幅值和(he)(he)頻率一(yi)定時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)小是正比于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(Cx)。對于(yu)(yu)超(chao)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可能達到(dao)與額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)可以相比的(de)(de)數(shu)值，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)限制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)容(rong)(rong)量和(he)(he)傳(chuan)輸(shu)距(ju)離的(de)(de)重要(yao)因(yin)(yin)素(su)。因(yin)(yin)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)也(ye)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性能參(can)數(shu)之一(yi)。在(zai)交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中的(de)(de)絕緣體由于(yu)(yu)泄露電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)各種(zhong)極化(hua)存在(zai)，會形成(cheng)(cheng)介(jie)質損耗(hao)，以介(jie)質損耗(hao)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)或損耗(hao)角正切值(TAN)來(lai)表示，它不但浪費(fei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，而且(qie)會使(shi)介(jie)質(絕緣體)發熱(re)，加(jia)速(su)絕緣老化(hua)，因(yin)(yin)此TAN也(ye)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)參(can)數(shu)之一(yi)。