蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)作為備用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源系(xi)統的部件，其性(xing)能(neng)直接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)。在免費巡檢中，以(yi)(yi)(yi)下故(gu)障(zhang)較為常見：1.**單體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)異常**過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)＞13.8V）或欠壓(ya)(ya)（＜12V）現象(xiang)頻發(fa)(fa)(fa)，多(duo)因充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機參數(shu)失(shi)調、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組均衡(heng)性(xing)差或單體老化(hua)導致。長期過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)易引發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re)失(shi)控，欠壓(ya)(ya)則加速極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)。2.**容量(liang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減超標**蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)際容量(liang)低于標稱值(zhi)(zhi)的80%即需(xu)更換。主要表現為放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)間驟降，多(duo)因長期浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)導致活性(xing)物(wu)質脫落(luo)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液干涸或深度放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后未(wei)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。使用(yong)(yong)3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)容量(liang)衰(shuai)(shuai)減率達40%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。3.**連(lian)接(jie)件異常**端子氧化(hua)生成白色(se)結晶物(wu)（硫(liu)酸鹽(yan)），導致接(jie)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增大(da)（＞0.5mΩ），引發(fa)(fa)(fa)局部過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)。巡檢需(xu)使用(yong)(yong)紅外(wai)測(ce)(ce)溫儀檢測(ce)(ce)連(lian)接(jie)點溫差，超過(guo)(guo)5℃即需(xu)處理(li)。螺栓松動(dong)率約(yue)占(zhan)連(lian)接(jie)故(gu)障(zhang)的65%。4.**殼體變形漏液**鼓(gu)包(bao)、裂紋(wen)多(duo)因過(guo)(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)產氣或環境溫度＞35℃引發(fa)(fa)(fa)，閥(fa)控電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安全閥(fa)失(shi)效時(shi)(shi)尤為明(ming)顯(xian)。漏液會(hui)導致接(jie)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻下降（＜0.1Ω/m2），需(xu)立即更換。5.**內(nei)阻異常升高**使用(yong)(yong)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀檢測(ce)(ce)，內(nei)阻值(zhi)(zhi)超過(guo)(guo)初始值(zhi)(zhi)50%即預警(jing)。極板(ban)(ban)硫(liu)化(hua)（內(nei)阻增加30%-50%）、匯流(liu)排腐蝕是主因，直接(jie)影(ying)(ying)響大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)力。6.**浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)失(shi)衡(heng)**電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組浮(fu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)差異＞±5%時(shi)(shi)，表明(ming)存在落(luo)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。需(xu)對(dui)單體進(jin)(jin)行均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)維護，避(bi)免循環。統計顯(xian)示，未(wei)定期均充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組壽(shou)命縮短(duan)30%以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)。建(jian)議每季度進(jin)(jin)行外(wai)觀檢查(cha)及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)測(ce)(ce)試(shi)，半年(nian)開展容量(liang)核對(dui)放(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，結合內(nei)阻分析提前預判故(gu)障(zhang)。重點排查(cha)使用(yong)(yong)2年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，及(ji)時(shi)(shi)處理(li)微短(duan)路、枝晶生長等隱患，可延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)壽(shou)命20%-30%。建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)健康檔案，對(dui)落(luo)后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)實(shi)施主動(dong)更換策(ce)略，可有效避(bi)免突發(fa)(fa)(fa)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)。

UPS系(xi)統(tong)巡(xun)檢(jian)內(nei)容詳解(jie)UPS（不間斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源）系(xi)統(tong)的定期巡(xun)檢(jian)是(shi)確(que)保(bao)其(qi)可(ke)靠(kao)性和(he)延長使用壽命的關鍵，主(zhu)要包括以下內(nei)容：1.外觀(guan)與(yu)(yu)運行狀(zhuang)態檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)?外觀(guan)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)：查(cha)(cha)看設備(bei)(bei)外殼有無變形、腐蝕，UPS系(xi)統(tong)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)怎么收費，散熱孔是(shi)否(fou)堵塞，指示燈及(ji)顯示屏是(shi)否(fou)正常(chang)，確(que)認(ren)無異(yi)常(chang)噪音或異(yi)味。?運行參數：監測輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、頻(pin)率(lv)穩定性，檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)負載率(lv)是(shi)否(fou)在(zai)額定容量(liang)內(nei)（通常(chang)≤80%），記(ji)錄(lu)報警(jing)信息并及(ji)時(shi)處(chu)理(li)。2.電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組檢(jian)測?電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)狀(zhuang)態：檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)外觀(guan)是(shi)否(fou)鼓包、漏(lou)液，測量(liang)單節電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（標準值12V，浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)約(yue)13.5V），確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)差≤±5%。?連接與(yu)(yu)溫(wen)度(du)：確(que)認(ren)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)端子無松(song)動、腐蝕，連接處(chu)溫(wen)升≤20℃；記(ji)錄(lu)環境溫(wen)度(du)（建(jian)議20-25℃），高溫(wen)會(hui)加速電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)老化。?壽命評估：通過(guo)(guo)充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)測試(shi)或內(nei)阻檢(jian)測評估電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)健(jian)康度(du)，容量(liang)低于80%需及(ji)時(shi)更換(huan)。3.線(xian)路(lu)(lu)與(yu)(yu)接地(di)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)?電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣連接：檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)/輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜、斷(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)器(qi)是(shi)否(fou)緊固(gu)，UPS系(xi)統(tong)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)機構，無過(guo)(guo)熱痕跡；電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組間連接線(xian)需牢固(gu)，避(bi)免(mian)接觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)大。?接地(di)可(ke)靠(kao)性：測量(liang)接地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻≤4Ω，確(que)保(bao)防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)與(yu)(yu)抗干擾功能(neng)正常(chang)。4.環境與(yu)(yu)散熱管理(li)?維(wei)持機房(fang)溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)20-25℃，濕(shi)度(du)≤70%，山西UPS系(xi)統(tong)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，避(bi)免(mian)凝露；定期清理(li)風扇(shan)濾網，確(que)保(bao)通風順暢，防(fang)(fang)止灰塵(chen)堆積影響散熱。5.功能(neng)測試(shi)?切換(huan)測試(shi)：模擬市電(dian)(dian)(dian)中斷(duan)(duan)，驗證UPS切換(huan)至(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)的響應時(shi)間（通常(chang)＜10ms）。?旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)測試(shi)：手動切換(huan)至(zhi)旁(pang)路(lu)(lu)模式(shi)，確(que)保(bao)無間斷(duan)(duan)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)。?負載測試(shi)：帶載運行2-4小(xiao)時(shi)，檢(jian)測系(xi)統(tong)穩定性與(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)后備(bei)(bei)時(shi)間是(shi)否(fou)符合(he)標稱值。6.記(ji)錄(lu)與(yu)(yu)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)?詳細(xi)記(ji)錄(lu)巡(xun)檢(jian)數據，分析歷史趨勢；定期更新(xin)固(gu)件，每(mei)(mei)(mei)1-2年(nian)進(jin)行深度(du)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)，包括內(nei)部(bu)除塵(chen)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)容檢(jian)測等。通過(guo)(guo)系(xi)統(tong)化巡(xun)檢(jian)，UPS系(xi)統(tong)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)公司，可(ke)提前(qian)發現潛在(zai)故障(zhang)，避(bi)免(mian)宕機風險，保(bao)障(zhang)關鍵設備(bei)(bei)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力安全。建(jian)議每(mei)(mei)(mei)月基礎巡(xun)檢(jian)，每(mei)(mei)(mei)季(ji)度(du)檢(jian)測，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)每(mei)(mei)(mei)半(ban)年(nian)深度(du)維(wei)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。

蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)服務流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)（版）一、服務準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)階段1.信(xin)息(xi)確認：接收工單(dan)后核對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組型號（鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)/鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）、安裝(zhuang)位置（/機(ji)房(fang)/UPS等(deng)）、設備(bei)參數(shu)(shu)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓/容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)/年限(xian)）等(deng)信(xin)息(xi)2.工具準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)：標配(pei)(pei)萬用(yong)表(biao)（精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)±0.5%）、紅外測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)儀(yi)（量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)-20℃~300℃）、內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)儀(yi)（精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)±2%）、絕緣(yuan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)儀(yi)（1000V量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)(cheng)）3.安全防(fang)護：配(pei)(pei)備(bei)防(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)護目鏡（ANSIZ87認證）、耐酸(suan)(suan)(suan)堿(jian)手套（5mm厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)）、防(fang)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工裝(zhuang)（表(biao)面電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)＜1×10^9Ω）二、現場(chang)執行流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)1.外觀檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)（耗時(shi)15-20分(fen)鐘）-箱體檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)：檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)膨脹變(bian)形量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（使(shi)用(yong)0.01mm游標卡(ka)尺測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)，允許誤(wu)差＜0.5mm）-極(ji)柱檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)：氧(yang)化(hua)層厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)（標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)＜0.1mm），使(shi)用(yong)銅刷(shua)清理(li)后涂抹凡士林(lin)（厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)0.2-0.3mm）-漏液檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)：PH試(shi)紙檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)（酸(suan)(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)泄露PH＜4，堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)泄露PH＞9）2.電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣參數(shu)(shu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)（耗時(shi)40-60分(fen)鐘）-浮充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)：使(shi)用(yong)四位半數(shu)(shu)字萬用(yong)表(biao)，允許偏差±1%（如48V系統(tong)應(ying)在47.52-48.48V）-內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)：采(cai)用(yong)交流(liu)(liu)注入(ru)法(fa)，與初始值對比偏差＞20%需重點(dian)標記-溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)監測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)：紅外測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)溫(wen)記錄極(ji)柱/連接片(pian)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)（標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)ΔT≤5℃）3.容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)核對（可選）-離線(xian)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試(shi)：采(cai)用(yong)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)（0.1C放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)至截止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓）-在線(xian)估算(suan)：通過內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)-容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)曲線(xian)模型計算(suan)（誤(wu)差±5%）三(san)、數(shu)(shu)據處(chu)理(li)階段1.數(shu)(shu)據歸檔：建(jian)立電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池健康度(du)(du)(du)(du)評估模型（權重：內(nei)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)40%+電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓30%+溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)20%+外觀10%）2.預(yu)警處(chu)理(li)：對健康度(du)(du)(du)(du)＜80%電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池啟動(dong)黃色(se)預(yu)警，＜60%紅色(se)預(yu)警3.報告生(sheng)成：包含電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池性(xing)(xing)能衰減曲線(xian)（按月(yue)統(tong)計）、同批次對比分(fen)析、更(geng)換建(jian)議清單(dan)四、服務標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)1.執行規范：符合GB/T19638.2-2014固(gu)定型閥控式鉛(qian)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)2.周期建(jian)議：機(ji)房(fang)每(mei)月(yue)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，普通站(zhan)點(dian)季度(du)(du)(du)(du)巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，年度(du)(du)(du)(du)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)3.響應(ying)時(shi)效：預(yu)警后24小時(shi)內(nei)出具處(chu)理(li)方案，72小時(shi)內(nei)完成隱患排除(chu)注：本流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)適用(yong)于2V/12V單(dan)體，容量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)50-3000Ah的蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組巡(xun)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，特殊環境（高寒/高濕）需增加(jia)環境適應(ying)性(xing)(xing)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)項目。