步進電機的相關概述

步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)輸出力(li)(li)矩隨著(zhu)脈沖頻(pin)率的(de)(de)(de)上(shang)升而(er)下(xia)降，啟(qi)動頻(pin)率越(yue)高，啟(qi)動力(li)(li)矩就越(yue)小，帶動負載的(de)(de)(de)能(neng)力(li)(li)越(yue)差，啟(qi)動時(shi)會造(zao)成失(shi)步，而(er)在(zai)停止時(shi)又會發生過(guo)沖。要(yao)(yao)使(shi)步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)快速(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)達(da)到(dao)所(suo)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)又不(bu)(bu)失(shi)步或過(guo)沖，CANopen步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)公司，其關(guan)鍵在(zai)于使(shi)加速(su)(su)(su)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，加速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)所(suo)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩既(ji)能(neng)充(chong)分利用各(ge)個運行(xing)頻(pin)率下(xia)步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)所(suo)提(ti)供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)力(li)(li)矩，又不(bu)(bu)能(neng)超過(guo)這個力(li)(li)矩。因此，步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)運行(xing)一般要(yao)(yao)經過(guo)加速(su)(su)(su)、勻速(su)(su)(su)、減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)三個階段(duan)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)過(guo)程(cheng)時(shi)間盡量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)短(duan)(duan)，恒(heng)速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)間盡量(liang)長。特別(bie)是在(zai)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)快速(su)(su)(su)響應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)工作中(zhong)(zhong)，海南CANopen步進電(dian)機(ji)(ji)，從起點到(dao)終點運行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很短(duan)(duan)，這就必(bi)須要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加速(su)(su)(su)、減(jian)(jian)速(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)很短(duan)(duan)，而(er)恒(heng)速(su)(su)(su)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)很高。

步進驅動(dong)和(he)伺服驅動(dong)的主要區別

步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機主要是依相(xiang)數來做分(fen)(fen)類，而其中又以二相(xiang)、五相(xiang)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機為(wei)目前(qian)市場上(shang)所(suo)廣泛采用。二相(xiang)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機每轉(zhuan)較細可(ke)分(fen)(fen)割為(wei)400等(deng)分(fen)(fen)，五相(xiang)則可(ke)分(fen)(fen)割為(wei)1000等(deng)分(fen)(fen)，所(suo)以表現出來的特性以五相(xiang)步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機較佳、加減速時間較短、動態(tai)慣性較低。

隨(sui)著全數(shu)字式(shi)交流伺服系統(tong)的出現(xian)，交流伺服電機(ji)也越來越多地應(ying)(ying)用于數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)中。為(wei)(wei)了適應(ying)(ying)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的發(fa)展(zhan)趨(qu)勢，運動控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)系統(tong)中大多采用步進電機(ji)或全數(shu)字式(shi)交流伺服電機(ji)作為(wei)(wei)執(zhi)行電動機(ji)。雖然(ran)兩(liang)者在(zai)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)上相似（脈(mo)沖串和(he)方(fang)向信號(hao)），但在(zai)使用性能和(he)應(ying)(ying)用場合上存在(zai)著較(jiao)大的差異。

步進電(dian)機(ji)VS伺服電(dian)機(ji)

性能比較

控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)(jing)度：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)相數(shu)(shu)和拍數(shu)(shu)越(yue)多，它的(de)(de)(de)準確度就越(yue)高(gao)，伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)取塊于自(zi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)編(bian)碼器(qi)，CANopen步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)價(jia)格，編(bian)碼器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度越(yue)多，精(jing)(jing)度就越(yue)高(gao)；低(di)(di)頻特(te)性：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在低(di)(di)速(su)時易(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)低(di)(di)頻振動現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，當它工作(zuo)在低(di)(di)速(su)時一般采用阻尼技術(shu)或(huo)(huo)細分技術(shu)來克服低(di)(di)頻振動現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)運轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)非(fei)常平穩(wen)，即使在低(di)(di)速(su)時也不會(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)振動現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)；矩頻特(te)性：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)輸出(chu)(chu)力矩隨轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)的(de)(de)(de)升高(gao)而下降，高(gao)速(su)時會(hui)急(ji)劇下降，伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)在額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)內為(wei)恒力矩輸出(chu)(chu)，在額定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)上(shang)為(wei)恒功率輸出(chu)(chu)；過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不具備(bei)過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，CANopen步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)公司，伺服電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有較強的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力；運行性能(neng)(neng)(neng)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)為(wei)開(kai)環(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)，啟動頻率過(guo)高(gao)或(huo)(huo)負載過(guo)大(da)易(yi)丟步(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)堵轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，停止(zhi)(zhi)時轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)過(guo)高(gao)易(yi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)過(guo)沖現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，交流伺服驅動系(xi)(xi)統為(wei)閉環(huan)控(kong)制(zhi)，驅動器(qi)可直接對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)編(bian)碼器(qi)反(fan)饋信號進(jin)(jin)(jin)行采樣，內部構成位置環(huan)和速(su)度環(huan)，一般不會(hui)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)丟步(bu)(bu)或(huo)(huo)過(guo)沖的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，控(kong)制(zhi)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)更為(wei)可靠；速(su)度響(xiang)應性能(neng)(neng)(neng)：步(bu)(bu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)從靜止(zhi)(zhi)加速(su)到工作(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)需(xu)要上(shang)百毫(hao)秒(miao)，而交流伺服系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)加速(su)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)較好，一般只需(xu)幾毫(hao)秒(miao)，可用于要求快速(su)啟停的(de)(de)(de)控(kong)制(zhi)場合。