在(zai)(zai)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)傳動(dong)(dong)系統中，惰(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)雖(sui)非主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)源，但(dan)其設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)對整體(ti)效率(lv)(lv)、噪(zao)聲、振動(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)系統可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)(xing)至(zhi)關(guan)重要(yao)。平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)效率(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安全性(xing)(xing)是(shi)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰：1.效率(lv)(lv)優先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)考量(liang)(liang)：*低(di)(di)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)：采(cai)用(yong)輕量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)材料(liao)(liao)（如(ru)高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)鋁(lv)合(he)(he)金(jin)、鈦(tai)合(he)(he)金(jin)或工程塑料(liao)(liao)）和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)優化(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輻(fu)(fu)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)（如(ru)鏤空(kong)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)），減(jian)小轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)，降低(di)(di)啟停(ting)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)變速(su)(su)(su)(su)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)損(sun)耗。*低(di)(di)摩(mo)擦軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)：選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)精(jing)(jing)密軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)關(guan)鍵(jian)。*滾(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)：深溝球軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、角(jiao)接(jie)觸球軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或圓柱滾(gun)(gun)子軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)常見(jian)選(xuan)(xuan)擇，需(xu)(xu)確保高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級（如(ru)ABEC-5/7或更(geng)高(gao)）和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預緊力(li)(li)(li)(li)。陶(tao)瓷(ci)球軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)可(ke)顯著降低(di)(di)摩(mo)擦和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)溫(wen)升。*流體(ti)動(dong)(dong)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)：在(zai)(zai)極高(gao)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下(xia)，油(you)膜或空(kong)氣軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)能提(ti)供極低(di)(di)摩(mo)擦和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)穩定性(xing)(xing)，但(dan)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)復雜、成(cheng)本高(gao)。*低(di)(di)風阻設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)：優化(hua)(hua)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輻(fu)(fu)形狀（流線型(xing)、翼型(xing)截面(mian)），減(jian)小高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣阻力(li)(li)(li)(li)（風摩(mo)損(sun)耗）。表(biao)面(mian)光(guang)潔度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求高(gao)。*潤(run)滑：采(cai)用(yong)低(di)(di)粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、高(gao)穩定性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)剪切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)潤(run)滑油(you)或脂。油(you)霧(wu)潤(run)滑、噴射潤(run)滑或油(you)氣潤(run)滑能有(you)(you)效冷卻并減(jian)少(shao)攪油(you)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)。密封(feng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)(xu)在(zai)(zai)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)泄漏(lou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)降低(di)(di)摩(mo)擦間取得平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。2.安全性(xing)(xing)優先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)考量(liang)(liang)：*材料(liao)(liao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)(yu)疲勞壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)：必須使用(yong)高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)材料(liao)(liao)（如(ru)高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)合(he)(he)金(jin)鋼(gang)、滲氮鋼(gang)、鈦(tai)合(he)(he)金(jin)）以(yi)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)受巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離心力(li)(li)(li)(li)、嚙(nie)合(he)(he)沖擊載(zai)荷(he)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)交(jiao)變應力(li)(li)(li)(li)。需(xu)(xu)進行詳盡(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疲勞壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)分析(xi)（有(you)(you)限元分析(xi)）。*動(dong)(dong)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)：高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下(xia)微小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)偏心會引(yin)發劇(ju)烈(lie)振動(dong)(dong)。必須進行高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)動(dong)(dong)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)（通(tong)常要(yao)求達到G2.5或更(geng)高(gao)等(deng)(deng)級），東莞惰(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，考慮(lv)工作(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)變形影(ying)響。*剛性(xing)(xing)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)：輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轂、輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輻(fu)(fu)需(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下(xia)變形導(dao)致嚙(nie)合(he)(he)不(bu)良(liang)、振動(dong)(dong)加劇(ju)甚(shen)至(zhi)失(shi)(shi)效。避免共振設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)（臨界轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)遠高(gao)于(yu)工作(zuo)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)）。*可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與(yu)(yu)(yu)支撐：軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)額定壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)態(tai)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)載(zai)能力(li)(li)(li)(li)。軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)剛性(xing)(xing)、對中精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)至(zhi)關(guan)重要(yao)。考慮(lv)熱(re)(re)膨脹(zhang)影(ying)響。*過熱(re)(re)防(fang)護：高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)下(xia)摩(mo)擦生熱(re)(re)顯著。需(xu)(xu)優化(hua)(hua)散(san)熱(re)(re)（如(ru)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輻(fu)(fu)開(kai)孔引(yin)導(dao)氣流）并監控溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。材料(liao)(liao)需(xu)(xu)有(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)抗(kang)蠕變性(xing)(xing)。*失(shi)(shi)效防(fang)護：設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)需(xu)(xu)考慮(lv)“失(shi)(shi)效安全”原則，如(ru)防(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)體(ti)碎(sui)裂飛濺(jian)（輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)輻(fu)(fu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)包含碎(sui)片(pian)約束）、軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)卡死時(shi)(shi)化(hua)(hua)連帶(dai)損(sun)傷。平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)效率(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安全性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)策略：*材料(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)工藝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權衡(heng)(heng)：輕質高(gao)強(qiang)材料(liao)(liao)（如(ru)鈦(tai)合(he)(he)金(jin)）雖(sui)成(cheng)本高(gao)，但(dan)能兼(jian)顧低(di)(di)慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。表(biao)面(mian)處理(li)（滲氮、鍍(du)層）可(ke)提(ti)高(gao)表(biao)面(mian)硬(ying)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)，延(yan)長壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)。*軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類型(xing)與(yu)(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：在(zai)(zai)滿足安全轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇摩(mo)擦性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類型(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)(deng)級。精(jing)(jing)密陶(tao)瓷(ci)球軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較好折衷。*結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)優化(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)：運用(yong)拓撲優化(hua)(hua)、有(you)(you)限元分析(xi)等(deng)(deng)手(shou)段，在(zai)(zai)保證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、剛度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)避免共振的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，實現輕量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)學結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)。*熱(re)(re)管(guan)理(li)集成(cheng)：將散(san)熱(re)(re)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)（氣流通(tong)道(dao)、散(san)熱(re)(re)片(pian)）與(yu)(yu)(yu)輕量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)融為一(yi)(yi)體(ti)。*嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制造(zao)與(yu)(yu)(yu)測試(shi)(shi)：確保加工精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、動(dong)(dong)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。進行高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)試(shi)(shi)驗、試(shi)(shi)驗、壽(shou)(shou)(shou)命(ming)試(shi)(shi)驗和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)振動(dong)(dong)測試(shi)(shi)，驗證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)并暴露潛在(zai)(zai)問題。結(jie)論：高(gao)速(su)(su)(su)(su)惰(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)效率(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)(yu)安全性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)細(xi)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。通(tong)過選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)材料(liao)(liao)（輕質高(gao)強(qiang)）、高(gao)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)低(di)(di)摩(mo)擦軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、經過充(chong)分驗證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優化(hua)(hua)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)（低(di)(di)慣(guan)量(liang)(liang)、高(gao)剛性(xing)(xing)、低(di)(di)風阻）以(yi)及(ji)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)管(guan)理(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)潤(run)滑系統，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)(zai)保障工況下(xia)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)完整性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)運行安全性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)，程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)地降低(di)(di)傳動(dong)(dong)損(sun)失(shi)(shi)。精(jing)(jing)密制造(zao)、嚴(yan)格動(dong)(dong)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)充(chong)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)驗證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)測試(shi)(shi)是(shi)實現這一(yi)(yi)平(ping)衡(heng)(heng)不(bu)可(ke)或缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環節。

惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：機械(xie)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)調(diao)節(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)”在精密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機械(xie)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)世界里，當(dang)我(wo)們(men)需要(yao)(yao)改(gai)變(bian)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或(huo)(huo)(huo)鏈(lian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，卻不(bu)(bu)想(xiang)影響原有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)（IdlerGear/Pulley/Sprocket）就(jiu)扮演了(le)至關(guan)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)色。它堪稱傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)調(diao)節(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)”。作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)：改(gai)變(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，保(bao)持速(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)在于(yu)(yu)(yu)改(gai)變(bian)從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)保(bao)持傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)不(bu)(bu)變(bian)。想(xiang)象一(yi)(yi)下，兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)嚙(nie)合(he)(he)時(shi)，它們(men)必然(ran)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)。但(dan)有(you)時(shi)我(wo)們(men)需要(yao)(yao)它們(men)同(tong)(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)因空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)限制無法直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)嚙(nie)合(he)(he)。這(zhe)時(shi)，在主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)加(jia)入(ru)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，就(jiu)能(neng)(neng)解決(jue)：1.主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)（兩(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)）。2.惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)再(zai)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)（兩(liang)者(zhe)(zhe)也反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)）。3.終效(xiao)果(guo)：主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)與從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)了(le)同(tong)(tong)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)（因為經過(guo)了(le)兩(liang)次(ci)反(fan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）。關(guan)鍵(jian)特(te)性：*不(bu)(bu)傳(chuan)遞凈功率(lv)/不(bu)(bu)改(gai)變(bian)速(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)：惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)自(zi)身沒(mei)有(you)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)源，也不(bu)(bu)連(lian)接(jie)到終輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)負載(zai)。它只是(shi)“路過(guo)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)媒(mei)介。因為惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)同(tong)(tong)時(shi)是(shi)前一(yi)(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“從動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)”和(he)后一(yi)(yi)級(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“主(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)”，其齒(chi)(chi)數（或(huo)(huo)(huo)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)）在計(ji)(ji)算系(xi)統總(zong)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)時(shi)會(hui)被抵消掉（分(fen)子分(fen)母各出(chu)現(xian)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)），因此不(bu)(bu)改(gai)變(bian)輸(shu)(shu)入(ru)軸(zhou)與終輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)軸(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)和(he)扭(niu)矩比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。*增加(jia)嚙(nie)合(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)：引(yin)入(ru)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)會(hui)增加(jia)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)嚙(nie)合(he)(he)點(dian)(dian)，理論上會(hui)帶(dai)(dai)來微小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv)損失（摩擦損耗(hao)），并(bing)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)增加(jia)噪音。*調(diao)節(jie)中(zhong)心距(ju)/張緊(jin)鏈(lian)條(tiao)：除了(le)改(gai)變(bian)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)（尤其是(shi)鏈(lian)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)或(huo)(huo)(huo)帶(dai)(dai)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)）還常(chang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)調(diao)節(jie)軸(zhou)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)離或(huo)(huo)(huo)張緊(jin)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)帶(dai)(dai)/鏈(lian)條(tiao)，防止打滑或(huo)(huo)(huo)跳齒(chi)(chi)，確保(bao)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)靠。這(zhe)時(shi)它主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)起張緊(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)改(gai)變(bian)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)是(shi)附帶(dai)(dai)效(xiao)果(guo)。“方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)調(diao)節(jie)者(zhe)(zhe)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)典型應用(yong)(yong)場景：1.汽車手動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)變(bian)速(su)箱（同(tong)(tong)步器）：在換擋(dang)過(guo)程中(zhong)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)使(shi)即(ji)將嚙(nie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)同(tong)(tong)步（通過(guo)短暫(zan)接(jie)觸），方(fang)便平順換擋(dang)。2.印刷機械(xie)：需要(yao)(yao)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)滾筒(tong)同(tong)(tong)步且保(bao)持特(te)定轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)系(xi)時(shi)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)廣泛用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)系(xi)中(zhong)。3.輸(shu)(shu)送系(xi)統：在長距(ju)離皮帶(dai)(dai)或(huo)(huo)(huo)鏈(lian)條(tiao)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)張緊(jin)、改(gai)變(bian)運行(xing)(xing)(xing)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞過(guo)障礙物或(huo)(huo)(huo)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)支。4.空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)受限布(bu)(bu)局(ju)：當(dang)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)和(he)被驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)因空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)限制無法直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)嚙(nie)合(he)(he)或(huo)(huo)(huo)連(lian)接(jie)時(shi)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)提供了(le)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)“迂回(hui)”但(dan)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)路徑(jing)。設(she)計(ji)(ji)考(kao)量(liang)：*尺寸與強度(du)(du)：惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)通常(chang)設(she)計(ji)(ji)得(de)較小(xiao)（尤其齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)），但(dan)需保(bao)證足(zu)夠強度(du)(du)承受傳(chuan)遞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)矩。*材料與潤(run)滑：需選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)耐(nai)磨材料并(bing)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)良好潤(run)滑，以減少(shao)摩擦磨損和(he)功率(lv)損失。*安(an)裝精度(du)(du)：安(an)裝位(wei)置(zhi)需保(bao)證與相鄰輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)齒(chi)(chi)/帶(dai)(dai)/鏈(lian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良好嚙(nie)合(he)(he)或(huo)(huo)(huo)接(jie)觸，避免偏載(zai)和(he)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。總(zong)結：惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)是(shi)機械(xie)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統中(zhong)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)巧妙(miao)而實(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)元件(jian)(jian)。它如同(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“交通調(diao)度(du)(du)員”，在不(bu)(bu)干(gan)擾原有(you)“車流(liu)速(su)度(du)(du)”（傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下，靈(ling)活地改(gai)變(bian)著旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)部件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“行(xing)(xing)(xing)駛(shi)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)”（轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)），或(huo)(huo)(huo)巧妙(miao)地“拉緊(jin)道路”（張緊(jin)）。無論是(shi)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)關(guan)系(xi)、適應緊(jin)湊(cou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)布(bu)(bu)局(ju)，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)工(gong)廠，還是(shi)確保(bao)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性，惰(duo)(duo)(duo)(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)都發揮著不(bu)(bu)可(ke)或(huo)(huo)(huo)缺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)，是(shi)機械(xie)工(gong)程師(shi)設(she)計(ji)(ji)、靈(ling)活傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)方(fang)案時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)工(gong)具。

惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)和(he)(he)(he)普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)雖然都(dou)是(shi)(shi)帶齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)械元(yuan)件，但它(ta)(ta)們在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角色(se)、功能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)(he)設計(ji)(ji)有著本(ben)質區(qu)別。以(yi)下(xia)是(shi)(shi)關鍵對比：1.功能(neng)(neng)：動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)vs.方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)/間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)控制*普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)單元(yuan)。其主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)功能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)和(he)(he)(he)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速/轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過兩(liang)(liang)個或(huo)(huo)多個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)嚙(nie)合(he)，惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)生(sheng)(sheng)產，主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)(he)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)被直(zhi)接傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)給(gei)從(cong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)伴隨著轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)減(jian)（減(jian)速或(huo)(huo)增(zeng)(zeng)速）和(he)(he)(he)/或(huo)(huo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。*惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：不(bu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)凈(jing)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)或(huo)(huo)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比。它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)(neng)是(shi)(shi)：*改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)插入(ru)(ru)惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)從(cong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)同（如(ru)果(guo)沒有惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，兩(liang)(liang)個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)直(zhi)接嚙(nie)合(he)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)）。*增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)心距：當(dang)兩(liang)(liang)個需要(yao)(yao)(yao)同向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)距離較(jiao)遠時(shi)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)多個惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)連接。*消(xiao)(xiao)除齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)側間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)/嚙(nie)合(he)背(bei)(bei)(bei)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)精(jing)(jing)(jing)密傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)（如(ru)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)儀表）中(zhong)(zhong)，惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)壓緊(jin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)兩(liang)(liang)個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，消(xiao)(xiao)除它(ta)(ta)們嚙(nie)合(he)時(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)，提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)響(xiang)應性(xing)(xing)，減(jian)少沖(chong)擊噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)。*張緊(jin)作用(yong)：在(zai)(zai)(zai)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)或(huo)(huo)皮(pi)(pi)帶傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)，“惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)”常(chang)(chang)(chang)指張緊(jin)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)，用(yong)于(yu)(yu)保(bao)持(chi)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)/皮(pi)(pi)帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)張緊(jin)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，防止打滑(hua)或(huo)(huo)脫鏈。2.在(zai)(zai)(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角色(se)：*普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)參與(yu)者(zhe)。它(ta)(ta)們承(cheng)受負載扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)，是(shi)(shi)能(neng)(neng)量傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)路徑上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵節點。輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)軸和(he)(he)(he)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出軸通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)都(dou)連接著普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)（或(huo)(huo)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)就是(shi)(shi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)）。*惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鏈中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助者(zhe)或(huo)(huo)中(zhong)(zhong)介者(zhe)。它(ta)(ta)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)兩(liang)(liang)個普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)之間(jian)(jian)(jian)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)作用(yong)于(yu)(yu)鏈條(tiao)(tiao)/皮(pi)(pi)帶。它(ta)(ta)本(ben)身(shen)(shen)不(bu)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)到輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)(du)(du)(du)比或(huo)(huo)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)（忽(hu)略微(wei)小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)摩擦損失），也(ye)不(bu)作為(wei)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)或(huo)(huo)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出點。它(ta)(ta)承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)嚙(nie)合(he)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)自身(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)慣性(xing)(xing)力(li)(li)(li)(li)，而非(fei)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)大(da)負載扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)。3.設計(ji)(ji)考慮：*普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：*強度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)：需要(yao)(yao)(yao)承(cheng)受傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)載荷，因此對材(cai)料(liao)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)面硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)根彎曲強度(du)(du)(du)(du)有嚴(yan)格(ge)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)進行熱(re)處理（如(ru)滲碳淬(cui)火）。*精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)：傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)、壽命直(zhi)接受齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)制造精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)（齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)距）影(ying)響(xiang)。*支撐(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸承(cheng)和(he)(he)(he)支撐(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)來承(cheng)受嚙(nie)合(he)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)。*齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計(ji)(ji)：根據傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比、中(zhong)(zhong)心距、強度(du)(du)(du)(du)、噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)等要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)心設計(ji)(ji)模數(shu)、齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)、壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)角、螺旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)角等。*惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)：*強度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)相(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)：因其不(bu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)凈(jing)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)（僅(jin)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)嚙(nie)合(he)力(li)(li)(li)(li)），承(cheng)受的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)載荷通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)比動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)小(xiao)(xiao)得多。材(cai)料(liao)選擇更靈(ling)活，有時(shi)甚(shen)至使(shi)用(yong)工(gong)程塑料(liao)。*精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：取決于(yu)(yu)應用(yong)。用(yong)于(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)除背(bei)(bei)(bei)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)很(hen)高(gao)(gao)(gao)；僅(jin)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)且對精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)，精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)適當(dang)放(fang)寬。*支撐(cheng)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)：支撐(cheng)結(jie)構(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)比動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)簡單，有時(shi)甚(shen)至可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)設計(ji)(ji)成(cheng)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)結(jie)構(gou)以(yi)實現(xian)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)調心或(huo)(huo)更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)張緊(jin)/消(xiao)(xiao)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)效(xiao)果(guo)。*齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計(ji)(ji)：通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)與(yu)其嚙(nie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)參數(shu)相(xiang)匹配（模數(shu)、壓力(li)(li)(li)(li)角相(xiang)同），齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)選擇主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)基于(yu)(yu)安(an)裝空間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)(he)避免根切，對傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比無(wu)影(ying)響(xiang)。總結(jie)關鍵區(qu)別：|特征|普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)|惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)||:-----------|:---------------------------|:---------------------------||功能(neng)(neng)|傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)，改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速/轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)|改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，增(zeng)(zeng)大(da)中(zhong)(zhong)心距，消(xiao)(xiao)除背(bei)(bei)(bei)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)，張緊(jin)||動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)|是(shi)(shi)，系統(tong)(tong)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)元(yuan)件|否，惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)公(gong)司，不(bu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)凈(jing)扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)||改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)比|是(shi)(shi)|否||主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)作用(yong)|能(neng)(neng)量傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)與(yu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換|傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)路徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輔(fu)助調節||設計(ji)(ji)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)|高(gao)(gao)(gao)（承(cheng)受負載扭(niu)(niu)(niu)矩(ju)(ju)）|相(xiang)對較(jiao)低(di)（主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)承(cheng)受嚙(nie)合(he)力(li)(li)(li)(li)）||典型應用(yong)|變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速箱(xiang)、減(jian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)、機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)軸等|改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、消(xiao)(xiao)除背(bei)(bei)(bei)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)構(gou)、張緊(jin)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)|簡而言之：普(pu)(pu)(pu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)”和(he)(he)(he)“變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速器(qi)(qi)(qi)”，負責(ze)干活（傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)遞(di)(di)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速）；惰(duo)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)(lun)是(shi)(shi)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)”或(huo)(huo)“調節器(qi)(qi)(qi)”，負責(ze)指揮流向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（改(gai)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)方(fang)(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）或(huo)(huo)維(wei)持(chi)秩序（消(xiao)(xiao)除間(jian)(jian)(jian)隙(xi)(xi)(xi)、保(bao)持(chi)張緊(jin)），本(ben)身(shen)(shen)不(bu)產生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出。選擇使(shi)用(yong)哪(na)種，取決于(yu)(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系統(tong)(tong)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)實現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體目(mu)標。