電離室輸出回路分析

當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)時間(jian)常(chang)數RC 在x0/v-量級(ji)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度相對快，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)速(su)度很快，所(suo)以此(ci)時輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓上(shang)升沿(yan)(yan)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)貢獻(xian)，矩陣電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室報(bao)價(jia)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)結束后，離(li)子(zi)(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)速(su)度相對RC放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)慢，所(suo)以之后電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C一直在凈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，因此(ci)輸出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓脈(mo)(mo)沖(chong)(chong)一直減小，直到C上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)放完，因此(ci)下降沿(yan)(yan)主要(yao)由(you)RC時間(jian)常(chang)數決定。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)和離(li)子(zi)(zi)均給(gei)C充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直到全部被(bei)收集，因此(ci)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓幅度慢慢變大(da)，直到保持到較大(da)值附(fu)近。

電離室分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有兩種(zhong)類型：一種(zhong)是記錄單個輻射(she)(she)粒(li)(li)子(zi)的脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于(yu)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)重帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)(li)子(zi)的能量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)強度，矩(ju)陣電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)價格，其按照輸出(chu)回(hui)路的參量(liang)(liang)(liang)，脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)又可分為(wei)離(li)子(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)脈(mo)(mo)沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)。另(ling)一種(zhong)是記錄大量(liang)(liang)(liang)輻射(she)(she)粒(li)(li)子(zi)平均效應的電(dian)(dian)(dian)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)和(he)累積效應的累計電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)室(shi)，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)用于(yu)X、γ、中子(zi)的強度或通量(liang)(liang)(liang)、劑量(liang)(liang)(liang)或劑量(liang)(liang)(liang)率。它是劑量(liang)(liang)(liang)監測(ce)和(he)反應堆控制的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)傳感元(yuan)件(jian)。

電離室劑量基準

國(guo)(guo)際(ji)度量(liang)(liang)衡(heng)局（BIPM）推動(dong)多邊(bian)相互(hu)承認協(xie)定（MRA），矩(ju)陣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)室，透過國(guo)(guo)際(ji)度量(liang)(liang)衡(heng)會（CIPM）或各(ge)區域計量(liang)(liang)組(zu)織舉辦的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)量(liang)(liang)測(ce)比對活動(dong)，矩(ju)陣電(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)室廠家，才(cai)能不斷(duan)提高測(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確度，并促進劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)國(guo)(guo)際(ji)統一，達到各(ge)國(guo)(guo)計量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)相互(hu)認可(ke)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。目前已(yi)有三類基本方法用來(lai)作(zuo)為測(ce)量(liang)(liang)伽(jia)馬射線水吸收劑(ji)量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)方法，作(zuo)為Primary standard (原級標準(zhun))